Random variables and probability spaces#
This introduces a class of random variables, with the focus on discrete random variables (i.e. on a discrete probability space). This avoids the problem of defining a measure space and measurable functions.
- class sage.probability.random_variable.DiscreteProbabilitySpace(X, P, codomain=None, check=False)#
Bases:
ProbabilitySpace_generic
,DiscreteRandomVariable
The discrete probability space
- entropy()#
The entropy of the probability space.
- set()#
The set of values of the probability space taking possibly nonzero probability (a subset of the domain).
- class sage.probability.random_variable.DiscreteRandomVariable(X, f, codomain=None, check=False)#
Bases:
RandomVariable_generic
A random variable on a discrete probability space.
- correlation(other)#
The correlation of the probability space X = self with Y = other.
- covariance(other)#
The covariance of the discrete random variable X = self with Y = other.
Let \(S\) be the probability space of \(X\) = self, with probability function \(p\), and \(E(X)\) be the expectation of \(X\). Then the variance of \(X\) is:
\[\text{cov}(X,Y) = E((X-E(X)\cdot (Y-E(Y)) = \sum_{x \in S} p(x) (X(x) - E(X))(Y(x) - E(Y))\]
- expectation()#
The expectation of the discrete random variable, namely \(\sum_{x \in S} p(x) X[x]\), where \(X\) = self and \(S\) is the probability space of \(X\).
- function()#
The function defining the random variable.
- standard_deviation()#
The standard deviation of the discrete random variable.
Let \(S\) be the probability space of \(X\) = self, with probability function \(p\), and \(E(X)\) be the expectation of \(X\). Then the standard deviation of \(X\) is defined to be
\[\sigma(X) = \sqrt{ \sum_{x \in S} p(x) (X(x) - E(x))^2}\]
- translation_correlation(other, map)#
The correlation of the probability space X = self with image of Y = other under map.
- translation_covariance(other, map)#
The covariance of the probability space X = self with image of Y = other under the given map of the probability space.
Let \(S\) be the probability space of \(X\) = self, with probability function \(p\), and \(E(X)\) be the expectation of \(X\). Then the variance of \(X\) is:
\[\text{cov}(X,Y) = E((X-E(X)\cdot (Y-E(Y)) = \sum_{x \in S} p(x) (X(x) - E(X))(Y(x) - E(Y))\]
- translation_expectation(map)#
The expectation of the discrete random variable, namely \(\sum_{x \in S} p(x) X[e(x)]\), where \(X\) = self, \(S\) is the probability space of \(X\), and \(e\) = map.
- translation_standard_deviation(map)#
The standard deviation of the translated discrete random variable \(X \circ e\), where \(X\) = self and \(e\) = map.
Let \(S\) be the probability space of \(X\) = self, with probability function \(p\), and \(E(X)\) be the expectation of \(X\). Then the standard deviation of \(X\) is defined to be
\[\sigma(X) = \sqrt{ \sum_{x \in S} p(x) (X(x) - E(x))^2}\]
- translation_variance(map)#
The variance of the discrete random variable \(X \circ e\), where \(X\) = self, and \(e\) = map.
Let \(S\) be the probability space of \(X\) = self, with probability function \(p\), and \(E(X)\) be the expectation of \(X\). Then the variance of \(X\) is:
\[\mathrm{var}(X) = E((X-E(x))^2) = \sum_{x \in S} p(x) (X(x) - E(x))^2\]
- variance()#
The variance of the discrete random variable.
Let \(S\) be the probability space of \(X\) = self, with probability function \(p\), and \(E(X)\) be the expectation of \(X\). Then the variance of \(X\) is:
\[\mathrm{var}(X) = E((X-E(x))^2) = \sum_{x \in S} p(x) (X(x) - E(x))^2\]
- class sage.probability.random_variable.ProbabilitySpace_generic(domain, RR)#
Bases:
RandomVariable_generic
A probability space.
- domain()#
- class sage.probability.random_variable.RandomVariable_generic(X, RR)#
Bases:
Parent
A random variable.
- codomain()#
- domain()#
- field()#
- probability_space()#
- sage.probability.random_variable.is_DiscreteProbabilitySpace(S)#
- sage.probability.random_variable.is_DiscreteRandomVariable(X)#
- sage.probability.random_variable.is_ProbabilitySpace(S)#
- sage.probability.random_variable.is_RandomVariable(X)#