Factory for symbolic functions#

sage.symbolic.function_factory.function(s, **kwds)[source]#

Create a formal symbolic function with the name s.

INPUT:

  • nargs=0 – number of arguments the function accepts, defaults to variable number of arguments, or 0

  • latex_name – name used when printing in latex mode

  • conversions – a dictionary specifying names of this function in other systems, this is used by the interfaces internally during conversion

  • eval_func – method used for automatic evaluation

  • evalf_func – method used for numeric evaluation

  • evalf_params_first – bool to indicate if parameters should be evaluated numerically before calling the custom evalf function

  • conjugate_func – method used for complex conjugation

  • real_part_func – method used when taking real parts

  • imag_part_func – method used when taking imaginary parts

  • derivative_func – method to be used for (partial) derivation This method should take a keyword argument deriv_param specifying the index of the argument to differentiate w.r.t

  • tderivative_func – method to be used for derivatives

  • power_func – method used when taking powers This method should take a keyword argument power_param specifying the exponent

  • series_func – method used for series expansion This method should expect keyword arguments - order – order for the expansion to be computed - var – variable to expand w.r.t. - at – expand at this value

  • print_func – method for custom printing

  • print_latex_func – method for custom printing in latex mode

Note that custom methods must be instance methods, i.e., expect the instance of the symbolic function as the first argument.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.symbolic.function_factory import function
sage: var('a, b')
(a, b)
sage: cr = function('cr')
sage: f = cr(a)
sage: g = f.diff(a).integral(b); g
b*diff(cr(a), a)
sage: foo = function("foo", nargs=2)
sage: x,y,z = var("x y z")
sage: foo(x, y) + foo(y, z)^2
foo(y, z)^2 + foo(x, y)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.symbolic.function_factory import function
>>> var('a, b')
(a, b)
>>> cr = function('cr')
>>> f = cr(a)
>>> g = f.diff(a).integral(b); g
b*diff(cr(a), a)
>>> foo = function("foo", nargs=Integer(2))
>>> x,y,z = var("x y z")
>>> foo(x, y) + foo(y, z)**Integer(2)
foo(y, z)^2 + foo(x, y)

You need to use substitute_function() to replace all occurrences of a function with another:

sage: g.substitute_function(cr, cos)
-b*sin(a)

sage: g.substitute_function(cr, (sin(x) + cos(x)).function(x))
b*(cos(a) - sin(a))

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> g.substitute_function(cr, cos)
-b*sin(a)

>>> g.substitute_function(cr, (sin(x) + cos(x)).function(x))
b*(cos(a) - sin(a))

Basic arithmetic with unevaluated functions is no longer supported:

sage: x = var('x')
sage: f = function('f')
sage: 2*f
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: unsupported operand parent(s) for *: 'Integer Ring' and
'<class 'sage.symbolic.function_factory...NewSymbolicFunction'>'

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> x = var('x')
>>> f = function('f')
>>> Integer(2)*f
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: unsupported operand parent(s) for *: 'Integer Ring' and
'<class 'sage.symbolic.function_factory...NewSymbolicFunction'>'

You now need to evaluate the function in order to do the arithmetic:

sage: 2*f(x)
2*f(x)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> Integer(2)*f(x)
2*f(x)

We create a formal function of one variable, write down an expression that involves first and second derivatives, and extract off coefficients.

sage: r, kappa = var('r,kappa')
sage: psi = function('psi', nargs=1)(r); psi
psi(r)
sage: g = 1/r^2*(2*r*psi.derivative(r,1) + r^2*psi.derivative(r,2)); g
(r^2*diff(psi(r), r, r) + 2*r*diff(psi(r), r))/r^2
sage: g.expand()
2*diff(psi(r), r)/r + diff(psi(r), r, r)
sage: g.coefficient(psi.derivative(r,2))
1
sage: g.coefficient(psi.derivative(r,1))
2/r

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> r, kappa = var('r,kappa')
>>> psi = function('psi', nargs=Integer(1))(r); psi
psi(r)
>>> g = Integer(1)/r**Integer(2)*(Integer(2)*r*psi.derivative(r,Integer(1)) + r**Integer(2)*psi.derivative(r,Integer(2))); g
(r^2*diff(psi(r), r, r) + 2*r*diff(psi(r), r))/r^2
>>> g.expand()
2*diff(psi(r), r)/r + diff(psi(r), r, r)
>>> g.coefficient(psi.derivative(r,Integer(2)))
1
>>> g.coefficient(psi.derivative(r,Integer(1)))
2/r

Defining custom methods for automatic or numeric evaluation, derivation, conjugation, etc. is supported:

sage: def ev(self, x): return 2*x
sage: foo = function("foo", nargs=1, eval_func=ev)
sage: foo(x)
2*x
sage: foo = function("foo", nargs=1, eval_func=lambda self, x: 5)
sage: foo(x)
5
sage: def ef(self, x): pass
sage: bar = function("bar", nargs=1, eval_func=ef)
sage: bar(x)
bar(x)

sage: def evalf_f(self, x, parent=None, algorithm=None): return 6
sage: foo = function("foo", nargs=1, evalf_func=evalf_f)
sage: foo(x)
foo(x)
sage: foo(x).n()
6

sage: foo = function("foo", nargs=1, conjugate_func=ev)
sage: foo(x).conjugate()
2*x

sage: def deriv(self, *args,**kwds):
....:     print("{} {}".format(args, kwds))
....:     return args[kwds['diff_param']]^2
sage: foo = function("foo", nargs=2, derivative_func=deriv)
sage: foo(x,y).derivative(y)
(x, y) {'diff_param': 1}
y^2

sage: def pow(self, x, power_param=None):
....:     print("{} {}".format(x, power_param))
....:     return x*power_param
sage: foo = function("foo", nargs=1, power_func=pow)
sage: foo(y)^(x+y)
y x + y
(x + y)*y

sage: def expand(self, *args, **kwds):
....:     print("{} {}".format(args, sorted(kwds.items())))
....:     return sum(args[0]^i for i in range(kwds['order']))
sage: foo = function("foo", nargs=1, series_func=expand)
sage: foo(y).series(y, 5)
(y,) [('at', 0), ('options', 0), ('order', 5), ('var', y)]
y^4 + y^3 + y^2 + y + 1

sage: def my_print(self, *args): return "my args are: " + ', '.join(map(repr, args))
sage: foo = function('t', nargs=2, print_func=my_print)
sage: foo(x,y^z)
my args are: x, y^z

sage: latex(foo(x,y^z))
t\left(x, y^{z}\right)
sage: foo = function('t', nargs=2, print_latex_func=my_print)
sage: foo(x,y^z)
t(x, y^z)
sage: latex(foo(x,y^z))
my args are: x, y^z
sage: foo = function('t', nargs=2, latex_name='foo')
sage: latex(foo(x,y^z))
foo\left(x, y^{z}\right)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> def ev(self, x): return Integer(2)*x
>>> foo = function("foo", nargs=Integer(1), eval_func=ev)
>>> foo(x)
2*x
>>> foo = function("foo", nargs=Integer(1), eval_func=lambda self, x: Integer(5))
>>> foo(x)
5
>>> def ef(self, x): pass
>>> bar = function("bar", nargs=Integer(1), eval_func=ef)
>>> bar(x)
bar(x)

>>> def evalf_f(self, x, parent=None, algorithm=None): return Integer(6)
>>> foo = function("foo", nargs=Integer(1), evalf_func=evalf_f)
>>> foo(x)
foo(x)
>>> foo(x).n()
6

>>> foo = function("foo", nargs=Integer(1), conjugate_func=ev)
>>> foo(x).conjugate()
2*x

>>> def deriv(self, *args,**kwds):
...     print("{} {}".format(args, kwds))
...     return args[kwds['diff_param']]**Integer(2)
>>> foo = function("foo", nargs=Integer(2), derivative_func=deriv)
>>> foo(x,y).derivative(y)
(x, y) {'diff_param': 1}
y^2

>>> def pow(self, x, power_param=None):
...     print("{} {}".format(x, power_param))
...     return x*power_param
>>> foo = function("foo", nargs=Integer(1), power_func=pow)
>>> foo(y)**(x+y)
y x + y
(x + y)*y

>>> def expand(self, *args, **kwds):
...     print("{} {}".format(args, sorted(kwds.items())))
...     return sum(args[Integer(0)]**i for i in range(kwds['order']))
>>> foo = function("foo", nargs=Integer(1), series_func=expand)
>>> foo(y).series(y, Integer(5))
(y,) [('at', 0), ('options', 0), ('order', 5), ('var', y)]
y^4 + y^3 + y^2 + y + 1

>>> def my_print(self, *args): return "my args are: " + ', '.join(map(repr, args))
>>> foo = function('t', nargs=Integer(2), print_func=my_print)
>>> foo(x,y**z)
my args are: x, y^z

>>> latex(foo(x,y**z))
t\left(x, y^{z}\right)
>>> foo = function('t', nargs=Integer(2), print_latex_func=my_print)
>>> foo(x,y**z)
t(x, y^z)
>>> latex(foo(x,y**z))
my args are: x, y^z
>>> foo = function('t', nargs=Integer(2), latex_name='foo')
>>> latex(foo(x,y**z))
foo\left(x, y^{z}\right)

Chain rule:

sage: def print_args(self, *args, **kwds): print("args: {}".format(args)); print("kwds: {}".format(kwds)); return args[0]
sage: foo = function('t', nargs=2, tderivative_func=print_args)
sage: foo(x,x).derivative(x)
args: (x, x)
kwds: {'diff_param': x}
x
sage: foo = function('t', nargs=2, derivative_func=print_args)
sage: foo(x,x).derivative(x)
args: (x, x)
kwds: {'diff_param': 0}
args: (x, x)
kwds: {'diff_param': 1}
2*x

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> def print_args(self, *args, **kwds): print("args: {}".format(args)); print("kwds: {}".format(kwds)); return args[Integer(0)]
>>> foo = function('t', nargs=Integer(2), tderivative_func=print_args)
>>> foo(x,x).derivative(x)
args: (x, x)
kwds: {'diff_param': x}
x
>>> foo = function('t', nargs=Integer(2), derivative_func=print_args)
>>> foo(x,x).derivative(x)
args: (x, x)
kwds: {'diff_param': 0}
args: (x, x)
kwds: {'diff_param': 1}
2*x
sage.symbolic.function_factory.function_factory(name, nargs=0, latex_name=None, conversions=None, evalf_params_first=True, eval_func=None, evalf_func=None, conjugate_func=None, real_part_func=None, imag_part_func=None, derivative_func=None, tderivative_func=None, power_func=None, series_func=None, print_func=None, print_latex_func=None)[source]#

Create a formal symbolic function. For an explanation of the arguments see the documentation for the method function().

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.symbolic.function_factory import function_factory
sage: f = function_factory('f', 2, '\\foo', {'mathematica':'Foo'})
sage: f(2,4)
f(2, 4)
sage: latex(f(1,2))
\foo\left(1, 2\right)
sage: f._mathematica_init_()
'Foo'

sage: def evalf_f(self, x, parent=None, algorithm=None): return x*.5r
sage: g = function_factory('g',1,evalf_func=evalf_f)
sage: g(2)
g(2)
sage: g(2).n()
1.00000000000000

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.symbolic.function_factory import function_factory
>>> f = function_factory('f', Integer(2), '\\foo', {'mathematica':'Foo'})
>>> f(Integer(2),Integer(4))
f(2, 4)
>>> latex(f(Integer(1),Integer(2)))
\foo\left(1, 2\right)
>>> f._mathematica_init_()
'Foo'

>>> def evalf_f(self, x, parent=None, algorithm=None): return x*.5
>>> g = function_factory('g',Integer(1),evalf_func=evalf_f)
>>> g(Integer(2))
g(2)
>>> g(Integer(2)).n()
1.00000000000000
sage.symbolic.function_factory.unpickle_function(name, nargs, latex_name, conversions, evalf_params_first, pickled_funcs)[source]#

This is returned by the __reduce__ method of symbolic functions to be called during unpickling to recreate the given function.

It calls function_factory() with the supplied arguments.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.symbolic.function_factory import unpickle_function
sage: nf = unpickle_function('f', 2, '\\foo', {'mathematica':'Foo'}, True, [])
sage: nf
f
sage: nf(1,2)
f(1, 2)
sage: latex(nf(x,x))
\foo\left(x, x\right)
sage: nf._mathematica_init_()
'Foo'

sage: from sage.symbolic.function import pickle_wrapper
sage: def evalf_f(self, x, parent=None, algorithm=None): return 2r*x + 5r
sage: def conjugate_f(self, x): return x/2r
sage: nf = unpickle_function('g', 1, None, None, True, [None, pickle_wrapper(evalf_f), pickle_wrapper(conjugate_f)] + [None]*8)
sage: nf
g
sage: nf(2)
g(2)
sage: nf(2).n()
9.00000000000000
sage: nf(2).conjugate()
1

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.symbolic.function_factory import unpickle_function
>>> nf = unpickle_function('f', Integer(2), '\\foo', {'mathematica':'Foo'}, True, [])
>>> nf
f
>>> nf(Integer(1),Integer(2))
f(1, 2)
>>> latex(nf(x,x))
\foo\left(x, x\right)
>>> nf._mathematica_init_()
'Foo'

>>> from sage.symbolic.function import pickle_wrapper
>>> def evalf_f(self, x, parent=None, algorithm=None): return 2*x + 5
>>> def conjugate_f(self, x): return x/2
>>> nf = unpickle_function('g', Integer(1), None, None, True, [None, pickle_wrapper(evalf_f), pickle_wrapper(conjugate_f)] + [None]*Integer(8))
>>> nf
g
>>> nf(Integer(2))
g(2)
>>> nf(Integer(2)).n()
9.00000000000000
>>> nf(Integer(2)).conjugate()
1