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Version 10.5 Reference Manual
  • Home - Elliptic curves
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  • Elliptic-curve morphisms
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  • Square‑root Vélu algorithm for elliptic-curve isogenies
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  • Frobenius isogenies of elliptic curves
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  • Elliptic curves over the rational numbers
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  • Elliptic curves over number fields
  • Canonical heights for elliptic curves over number fields
  • Saturation of Mordell-Weil groups of elliptic curves over number fields
  • Torsion subgroups of elliptic curves over number fields (including \(\QQ\))
  • Galois representations attached to elliptic curves
  • Galois representations for elliptic curves over number fields
  • Isogeny class of elliptic curves over number fields
  • Tate-Shafarevich group
  • Complex multiplication for elliptic curves
  • Testing whether elliptic curves over number fields are \(\QQ\)-curves
  • Local data for elliptic curves over number fields
  • Kodaira symbols
  • Tate’s parametrisation of \(p\)-adic curves with multiplicative reduction
  • Weierstrass \(\wp\)-function for elliptic curves
  • Period lattices of elliptic curves and related functions
  • Regions in fundamental domains of period lattices
  • Modular parametrization of elliptic curves over \(\QQ\)
  • Modular symbols attached to elliptic curves over \(\QQ\)
  • Modular symbols by numerical integration
  • \(L\)-series for elliptic curves
  • Heegner points on elliptic curves over the rational numbers
  • \(p\)-adic \(L\)-functions of elliptic curves
  • Descent on elliptic curves over \(\QQ\) with a 2-isogeny
  • Elliptic curves with prescribed good reduction
  • Elliptic curves over \(p\)-adic fields
  • Denis Simon’s PARI scripts
  • Elliptic curves with congruent mod-5 representation
  • Morphism to bring a genus-one curve into Weierstrass form
  • Hyperelliptic curve constructor
  • Hyperelliptic curves over a general ring
  • Hyperelliptic curves over a finite field
  • Hyperelliptic curves over a \(p\)-adic field
  • Hyperelliptic curves over the rationals
  • Mestre’s algorithm
  • Computation of Frobenius matrix on Monsky-Washnitzer cohomology
  • Frobenius on Monsky-Washnitzer cohomology of a hyperelliptic curve
  • Jacobian of a general hyperelliptic curve
  • Jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve of genus 2
  • Rational point sets on a Jacobian
  • Jacobian ‘morphism’ as a class in the Picard group
  • Hyperelliptic curves of genus 2 over a general ring
  • Compute invariants of quintics and sextics via ‘Ueberschiebung’
  • Kummer surfaces over a general ring
  • Conductor and reduction types for genus 2 curves
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Period lattices of elliptic curves and related functions¶

Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve defined over a number field \(K\) (including \(\QQ\)). We attach a period lattice (a discrete rank 2 subgroup of \(\CC\)) to each embedding of \(K\) into \(\CC\).

In the case of real embeddings, the lattice is stable under complex conjugation and is called a real lattice. These have two types: rectangular, (the real curve has two connected components and positive discriminant) or non-rectangular (one connected component, negative discriminant).

The periods are computed to arbitrary precision using the AGM (Gauss’s Arithmetic-Geometric Mean).

EXAMPLES:

sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)                                                  # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,1,0,a,a])                                                # needs sage.rings.number_field

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)# needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0),a,a])                                                # needs sage.rings.number_field

First we try a real embedding:

sage: emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[0]                                            # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb); L                                                  # needs sage.rings.number_field
Period lattice associated to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + x^2 + a*x + a
 over Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^3 - 2
 with respect to the embedding Ring morphism:
   From: Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^3 - 2
   To:   Algebraic Real Field
   Defn: a |--> 1.259921049894873?

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[Integer(0)]                                            # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb); L                                                  # needs sage.rings.number_field
Period lattice associated to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + x^2 + a*x + a
 over Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^3 - 2
 with respect to the embedding Ring morphism:
   From: Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^3 - 2
   To:   Algebraic Real Field
   Defn: a |--> 1.259921049894873?

The first basis period is real:

sage: L.basis()                                                                     # needs sage.rings.number_field
(3.81452977217855, 1.90726488608927 + 1.34047785962440*I)
sage: L.is_real()                                                                   # needs sage.rings.number_field
True

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> L.basis()                                                                     # needs sage.rings.number_field
(3.81452977217855, 1.90726488608927 + 1.34047785962440*I)
>>> L.is_real()                                                                   # needs sage.rings.number_field
True

For a basis \(\omega_1,\omega_2\) normalised so that \(\omega_1/\omega_2\) is in the fundamental region of the upper half-plane, use the method normalised_basis() instead:

sage: L.normalised_basis()                                                          # needs sage.rings.number_field
(1.90726488608927 - 1.34047785962440*I, -1.90726488608927 - 1.34047785962440*I)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> L.normalised_basis()                                                          # needs sage.rings.number_field
(1.90726488608927 - 1.34047785962440*I, -1.90726488608927 - 1.34047785962440*I)

Next a complex embedding:

sage: emb = K.embeddings(ComplexField())[0]                                         # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb); L                                                  # needs sage.rings.number_field
Period lattice associated to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + x^2 + a*x + a
 over Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^3 - 2
 with respect to the embedding Ring morphism:
   From: Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^3 - 2
   To:   Algebraic Field
   Defn: a |--> -0.6299605249474365? - 1.091123635971722?*I

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> emb = K.embeddings(ComplexField())[Integer(0)]                                         # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb); L                                                  # needs sage.rings.number_field
Period lattice associated to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + x^2 + a*x + a
 over Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^3 - 2
 with respect to the embedding Ring morphism:
   From: Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^3 - 2
   To:   Algebraic Field
   Defn: a |--> -0.6299605249474365? - 1.091123635971722?*I

In this case, the basis \(\omega_1\), \(\omega_2\) is always normalised so that \(\tau = \omega_1/\omega_2\) is in the fundamental region in the upper half plane:

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: w1, w2 = L.basis(); w1, w2
(-1.37588604166076 - 2.58560946624443*I, -2.10339907847356 + 0.428378776460622*I)
sage: L.is_real()
False
sage: tau = w1/w2; tau
0.387694505032876 + 1.30821088214407*I
sage: L.normalised_basis()
(-1.37588604166076 - 2.58560946624443*I, -2.10339907847356 + 0.428378776460622*I)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> w1, w2 = L.basis(); w1, w2
(-1.37588604166076 - 2.58560946624443*I, -2.10339907847356 + 0.428378776460622*I)
>>> L.is_real()
False
>>> tau = w1/w2; tau
0.387694505032876 + 1.30821088214407*I
>>> L.normalised_basis()
(-1.37588604166076 - 2.58560946624443*I, -2.10339907847356 + 0.428378776460622*I)

We test that bug Issue #8415 (caused by a PARI bug fixed in v2.3.5) is OK:

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-7)
sage: EK = E.change_ring(K)
sage: EK.period_lattice(K.complex_embeddings()[0])
Period lattice associated to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + y = x^3 + (-1)*x
 over Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 7
  with a = 2.645751311064591?*I
 with respect to the embedding Ring morphism:
   From: Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 7
         with a = 2.645751311064591?*I
   To:   Algebraic Field
   Defn: a |--> -2.645751311064591?*I

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> K = QuadraticField(-Integer(7), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> EK = E.change_ring(K)
>>> EK.period_lattice(K.complex_embeddings()[Integer(0)])
Period lattice associated to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + y = x^3 + (-1)*x
 over Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 7
  with a = 2.645751311064591?*I
 with respect to the embedding Ring morphism:
   From: Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 7
         with a = 2.645751311064591?*I
   To:   Algebraic Field
   Defn: a |--> -2.645751311064591?*I

REFERENCES:

  • [CT2013]

AUTHORS:

  • ?: initial version.

  • John Cremona:

    • Adapted to handle real embeddings of number fields, September 2008.

    • Added basis_matrix function, November 2008

    • Added support for complex embeddings, May 2009.

    • Added complex elliptic logs, March 2010; enhanced, October 2010.

class sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.period_lattice.PeriodLattice(base_ring, rank, degree, sparse=False, coordinate_ring=None, category=None)[source]¶

Bases: FreeModule_generic_pid

The class for the period lattice of an algebraic variety.

class sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.period_lattice.PeriodLattice_ell(E, embedding=None)[source]¶

Bases: PeriodLattice

The class for the period lattice of an elliptic curve.

Currently supported are elliptic curves defined over \(\QQ\), and elliptic curves defined over a number field with a real or complex embedding, where the lattice constructed depends on that embedding.

basis(prec=None, algorithm='sage')[source]¶

Return a basis for this period lattice as a 2-tuple.

INPUT:

  • prec – (default: None) precision in bits (default precision if None)

  • algorithm – string (default: 'sage'); choice of implementation (for real embeddings only) between 'sage' (native Sage implementation) or 'pari' (use the PARI library: only available for real embeddings)

OUTPUT:

(tuple of Complex) \((\omega_1,\omega_2)\) where the lattice is \(\ZZ\omega_1 + \ZZ\omega_2\). If the lattice is real then \(\omega_1\) is real and positive, \(\Im(\omega_2)>0\) and \(\Re(\omega_2/\omega_1)\) is either \(0\) (for rectangular lattices) or \(\frac{1}{2}\) (for non-rectangular lattices). Otherwise, \(\omega_1/\omega_2\) is in the fundamental region of the upper half-plane. If the latter normalisation is required for real lattices, use the method normalised_basis() instead.

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: E.period_lattice().basis()
(2.99345864623196, 2.45138938198679*I)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> E.period_lattice().basis()
(2.99345864623196, 2.45138938198679*I)

This shows that the issue reported at Issue #3954 is fixed:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: b1 = E.period_lattice().basis(prec=30)
sage: b2 = E.period_lattice().basis(prec=30)
sage: b1 == b2
True

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> b1 = E.period_lattice().basis(prec=Integer(30))
>>> b2 = E.period_lattice().basis(prec=Integer(30))
>>> b1 == b2
True

This shows that the issue reported at Issue #4064 is fixed:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: E.period_lattice().basis(prec=30)[0].parent()
Real Field with 30 bits of precision
sage: E.period_lattice().basis(prec=100)[0].parent()
Real Field with 100 bits of precision

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> E.period_lattice().basis(prec=Integer(30))[Integer(0)].parent()
Real Field with 30 bits of precision
>>> E.period_lattice().basis(prec=Integer(100))[Integer(0)].parent()
Real Field with 100 bits of precision


sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)
sage: emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[0]
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,1,0,a,a])
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb)
sage: L.basis(64)
(3.81452977217854509, 1.90726488608927255 + 1.34047785962440202*I)

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: emb = K.embeddings(ComplexField())[0]
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb)
sage: w1, w2 = L.basis(); w1, w2
(-1.37588604166076 - 2.58560946624443*I, -2.10339907847356 + 0.428378776460622*I)
sage: L.is_real()
False
sage: tau = w1/w2; tau
0.387694505032876 + 1.30821088214407*I

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[Integer(0)]
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0),a,a])
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb)
>>> L.basis(Integer(64))
(3.81452977217854509, 1.90726488608927255 + 1.34047785962440202*I)

>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> emb = K.embeddings(ComplexField())[Integer(0)]
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb)
>>> w1, w2 = L.basis(); w1, w2
(-1.37588604166076 - 2.58560946624443*I, -2.10339907847356 + 0.428378776460622*I)
>>> L.is_real()
False
>>> tau = w1/w2; tau
0.387694505032876 + 1.30821088214407*I
basis_matrix(prec=None, normalised=False)[source]¶

Return the basis matrix of this period lattice.

INPUT:

  • prec – integer or None (default); real precision in bits (default real precision if None)

  • normalised – boolean (default: False); if True and the embedding is real, use the normalised basis (see normalised_basis()) instead of the default

OUTPUT:

A \(2\times 2\) real matrix whose rows are the lattice basis vectors, after identifying \(\CC\) with \(\RR^2\).

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: E.period_lattice().basis_matrix()
[ 2.99345864623196 0.000000000000000]
[0.000000000000000  2.45138938198679]

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> E.period_lattice().basis_matrix()
[ 2.99345864623196 0.000000000000000]
[0.000000000000000  2.45138938198679]


sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)
sage: emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[0]
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,1,0,a,a])
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb)
sage: L.basis_matrix(64)
[ 3.81452977217854509 0.000000000000000000]
[ 1.90726488608927255  1.34047785962440202]

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[Integer(0)]
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0),a,a])
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb)
>>> L.basis_matrix(Integer(64))
[ 3.81452977217854509 0.000000000000000000]
[ 1.90726488608927255  1.34047785962440202]

See Issue #4388:

sage: L = EllipticCurve('11a1').period_lattice()
sage: L.basis_matrix()
[ 1.26920930427955 0.000000000000000]
[0.634604652139777  1.45881661693850]
sage: L.basis_matrix(normalised=True)
[0.634604652139777 -1.45881661693850]
[-1.26920930427955 0.000000000000000]

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> L = EllipticCurve('11a1').period_lattice()
>>> L.basis_matrix()
[ 1.26920930427955 0.000000000000000]
[0.634604652139777  1.45881661693850]
>>> L.basis_matrix(normalised=True)
[0.634604652139777 -1.45881661693850]
[-1.26920930427955 0.000000000000000]


sage: L = EllipticCurve('389a1').period_lattice()
sage: L.basis_matrix()
[ 2.49021256085505 0.000000000000000]
[0.000000000000000  1.97173770155165]
sage: L.basis_matrix(normalised=True)
[ 2.49021256085505 0.000000000000000]
[0.000000000000000 -1.97173770155165]

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> L = EllipticCurve('389a1').period_lattice()
>>> L.basis_matrix()
[ 2.49021256085505 0.000000000000000]
[0.000000000000000  1.97173770155165]
>>> L.basis_matrix(normalised=True)
[ 2.49021256085505 0.000000000000000]
[0.000000000000000 -1.97173770155165]
complex_area(prec=None)[source]¶

Return the area of a fundamental domain for the period lattice of the elliptic curve.

INPUT:

  • prec – integer or None (default); real precision in bits (default real precision if None)

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: E.period_lattice().complex_area()
7.33813274078958

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> E.period_lattice().complex_area()
7.33813274078958


sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)
sage: embs = K.embeddings(ComplexField())
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,1,0,a,a])
sage: [E.period_lattice(emb).is_real() for emb in K.embeddings(CC)]
[False, False, True]
sage: [E.period_lattice(emb).complex_area() for emb in embs]
[6.02796894766694, 6.02796894766694, 5.11329270448345]

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> embs = K.embeddings(ComplexField())
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0),a,a])
>>> [E.period_lattice(emb).is_real() for emb in K.embeddings(CC)]
[False, False, True]
>>> [E.period_lattice(emb).complex_area() for emb in embs]
[6.02796894766694, 6.02796894766694, 5.11329270448345]
coordinates(z, rounding=None)[source]¶

Return the coordinates of a complex number w.r.t. the lattice basis.

INPUT:

  • z – complex number

  • rounding – (default: None) whether and how to round the output (see below)

OUTPUT:

When rounding is None (the default), returns a tuple of reals \(x\), \(y\) such that \(z=xw_1+yw_2\) where \(w_1\), \(w_2\) are a basis for the lattice (normalised in the case of complex embeddings).

When rounding is 'round', returns a tuple of integers \(n_1\), \(n_2\) which are the closest integers to the \(x\), \(y\) defined above. If \(z\) is in the lattice these are the coordinates of \(z\) with respect to the lattice basis.

When rounding is 'floor', returns a tuple of integers \(n_1\), \(n_2\) which are the integer parts to the \(x\), \(y\) defined above. These are used in reduce()

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('389a')
sage: L = E.period_lattice()
sage: w1, w2 = L.basis(prec=100)
sage: P = E([-1,1])
sage: zP = P.elliptic_logarithm(precision=100); zP
0.47934825019021931612953301006 + 0.98586885077582410221120384908*I
sage: L.coordinates(zP)
(0.19249290511394227352563996419, 0.50000000000000000000000000000)
sage: sum([x*w for x, w in zip(L.coordinates(zP), L.basis(prec=100))])
0.47934825019021931612953301006 + 0.98586885077582410221120384908*I

sage: L.coordinates(12*w1 + 23*w2)
(12.000000000000000000000000000, 23.000000000000000000000000000)
sage: L.coordinates(12*w1 + 23*w2, rounding='floor')
(11, 22)
sage: L.coordinates(12*w1 + 23*w2, rounding='round')
(12, 23)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('389a')
>>> L = E.period_lattice()
>>> w1, w2 = L.basis(prec=Integer(100))
>>> P = E([-Integer(1),Integer(1)])
>>> zP = P.elliptic_logarithm(precision=Integer(100)); zP
0.47934825019021931612953301006 + 0.98586885077582410221120384908*I
>>> L.coordinates(zP)
(0.19249290511394227352563996419, 0.50000000000000000000000000000)
>>> sum([x*w for x, w in zip(L.coordinates(zP), L.basis(prec=Integer(100)))])
0.47934825019021931612953301006 + 0.98586885077582410221120384908*I

>>> L.coordinates(Integer(12)*w1 + Integer(23)*w2)
(12.000000000000000000000000000, 23.000000000000000000000000000)
>>> L.coordinates(Integer(12)*w1 + Integer(23)*w2, rounding='floor')
(11, 22)
>>> L.coordinates(Integer(12)*w1 + Integer(23)*w2, rounding='round')
(12, 23)
curve()[source]¶

Return the elliptic curve associated with this period lattice.

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: L = E.period_lattice()
sage: L.curve() is E
True

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> L = E.period_lattice()
>>> L.curve() is E
True


sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,1,0,a,a])
sage: L = E.period_lattice(K.embeddings(RealField())[0])
sage: L.curve() is E
True

sage: L = E.period_lattice(K.embeddings(ComplexField())[0])                 # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: L.curve() is E                                                        # needs sage.rings.number_field
True

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0),a,a])
>>> L = E.period_lattice(K.embeddings(RealField())[Integer(0)])
>>> L.curve() is E
True

>>> L = E.period_lattice(K.embeddings(ComplexField())[Integer(0)])                 # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> L.curve() is E                                                        # needs sage.rings.number_field
True
e_log_RC(xP, yP, prec=None, reduce=True)[source]¶

Return the elliptic logarithm of a real or complex point.

INPUT:

  • xP, yP (real or complex) – Coordinates of a point on the embedded elliptic curve associated with this period lattice.

  • prec – (default: None) real precision in bits (default real precision if None)

  • reduce – boolean (default: True); if True, the result is reduced with respect to the period lattice basis

OUTPUT:

(complex number) The elliptic logarithm of the point \((xP,yP)\) with respect to this period lattice. If \(E\) is the elliptic curve and \(\sigma:K\to\CC\) the embedding, the returned value \(z\) is such that \(z\pmod{L}\) maps to \((xP,yP)=\sigma(P)\) under the standard Weierstrass isomorphism from \(\CC/L\) to \(\sigma(E)\). If reduce is True, the output is reduced so that it is in the fundamental period parallelogram with respect to the normalised lattice basis.

ALGORITHM:

Uses the complex AGM. See [CT2013] for details.

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('389a')
sage: L = E.period_lattice()
sage: P = E([-1,1])
sage: xP, yP = [RR(c) for c in P.xy()]

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('389a')
>>> L = E.period_lattice()
>>> P = E([-Integer(1),Integer(1)])
>>> xP, yP = [RR(c) for c in P.xy()]

The elliptic log from the real coordinates:

sage: L.e_log_RC(xP, yP)
0.479348250190219 + 0.985868850775824*I

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> L.e_log_RC(xP, yP)
0.479348250190219 + 0.985868850775824*I

The same elliptic log from the algebraic point:

sage: L(P)
0.479348250190219 + 0.985868850775824*I

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> L(P)
0.479348250190219 + 0.985868850775824*I

A number field example:

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,0,0,0,a])
sage: v = K.real_places()[0]
sage: L = E.period_lattice(v)
sage: P = E.lift_x(1/3*a^2 + a + 5/3)
sage: L(P)
3.51086196882538
sage: xP, yP = [v(c) for c in P.xy()]
sage: L.e_log_RC(xP, yP)
3.51086196882538

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(0),Integer(0),Integer(0),a])
>>> v = K.real_places()[Integer(0)]
>>> L = E.period_lattice(v)
>>> P = E.lift_x(Integer(1)/Integer(3)*a**Integer(2) + a + Integer(5)/Integer(3))
>>> L(P)
3.51086196882538
>>> xP, yP = [v(c) for c in P.xy()]
>>> L.e_log_RC(xP, yP)
3.51086196882538

Elliptic logs of real points which do not come from algebraic points:

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: ER = EllipticCurve([v(ai) for ai in E.a_invariants()])
sage: P = ER.lift_x(12.34)
sage: xP, yP = P.xy()
sage: xP, yP
(12.3400000000000, -43.3628968710567)
sage: L.e_log_RC(xP, yP)
0.284656841192041
sage: xP, yP = ER.lift_x(0).xy()
sage: L.e_log_RC(xP, yP)
1.34921304541057

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> ER = EllipticCurve([v(ai) for ai in E.a_invariants()])
>>> P = ER.lift_x(RealNumber('12.34'))
>>> xP, yP = P.xy()
>>> xP, yP
(12.3400000000000, -43.3628968710567)
>>> L.e_log_RC(xP, yP)
0.284656841192041
>>> xP, yP = ER.lift_x(Integer(0)).xy()
>>> L.e_log_RC(xP, yP)
1.34921304541057

Elliptic logs of complex points:

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: v = K.complex_embeddings()[0]
sage: L = E.period_lattice(v)
sage: P = E.lift_x(1/3*a^2 + a + 5/3)
sage: L(P)
1.68207104397706 - 1.87873661686704*I
sage: xP, yP = [v(c) for c in P.xy()]
sage: L.e_log_RC(xP, yP)
1.68207104397706 - 1.87873661686704*I
sage: EC = EllipticCurve([v(ai) for ai in E.a_invariants()])
sage: xP, yP = EC.lift_x(0).xy()
sage: L.e_log_RC(xP, yP)
2.06711431204080 - 1.73451485683471*I

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> v = K.complex_embeddings()[Integer(0)]
>>> L = E.period_lattice(v)
>>> P = E.lift_x(Integer(1)/Integer(3)*a**Integer(2) + a + Integer(5)/Integer(3))
>>> L(P)
1.68207104397706 - 1.87873661686704*I
>>> xP, yP = [v(c) for c in P.xy()]
>>> L.e_log_RC(xP, yP)
1.68207104397706 - 1.87873661686704*I
>>> EC = EllipticCurve([v(ai) for ai in E.a_invariants()])
>>> xP, yP = EC.lift_x(Integer(0)).xy()
>>> L.e_log_RC(xP, yP)
2.06711431204080 - 1.73451485683471*I
ei()[source]¶

Return the x-coordinates of the 2-division points of the elliptic curve associated with this period lattice, as elements of QQbar.

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: L = E.period_lattice()
sage: L.ei()
[-1.107159871688768?, 0.2695944364054446?, 0.8375654352833230?]

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> L = E.period_lattice()
>>> L.ei()
[-1.107159871688768?, 0.2695944364054446?, 0.8375654352833230?]

In the following example, we should have one purely real 2-division point coordinate, and two conjugate purely imaginary coordinates.

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,1,0,a,a])
sage: L = E.period_lattice(K.embeddings(RealField())[0])
sage: x1,x2,x3 = L.ei()
sage: abs(x1.real()) + abs(x2.real()) < 1e-14
True
sage: x1.imag(), x2.imag(), x3
(-1.122462048309373?, 1.122462048309373?, -1.000000000000000?)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0),a,a])
>>> L = E.period_lattice(K.embeddings(RealField())[Integer(0)])
>>> x1,x2,x3 = L.ei()
>>> abs(x1.real()) + abs(x2.real()) < RealNumber('1e-14')
True
>>> x1.imag(), x2.imag(), x3
(-1.122462048309373?, 1.122462048309373?, -1.000000000000000?)


sage: L = E.period_lattice(K.embeddings(ComplexField())[0])                 # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: L.ei()                                                                # needs sage.rings.number_field
[-1.000000000000000? + 0.?e-1...*I,
 -0.9720806486198328? - 0.561231024154687?*I,
 0.9720806486198328? + 0.561231024154687?*I]

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> L = E.period_lattice(K.embeddings(ComplexField())[Integer(0)])                 # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> L.ei()                                                                # needs sage.rings.number_field
[-1.000000000000000? + 0.?e-1...*I,
 -0.9720806486198328? - 0.561231024154687?*I,
 0.9720806486198328? + 0.561231024154687?*I]
elliptic_exponential(z, to_curve=True)[source]¶

Return the elliptic exponential of a complex number.

INPUT:

  • z – complex number (viewed modulo this period lattice)

  • to_curve – boolean (default: True); see below

OUTPUT:

  • If to_curve is False, a 2-tuple of real or complex numbers representing the point \((x,y) = (\wp(z),\wp'(z))\) where \(\wp\) denotes the Weierstrass \(\wp\)-function with respect to this lattice.

  • If to_curve is True, the point \((X,Y) = (x-b_2/12,y-(a_1(x-b_2/12)-a_3)/2)\) as a point in \(E(\RR)\) or \(E(\CC)\), with \((x,y) = (\wp(z),\wp'(z))\) as above, where \(E\) is the elliptic curve over \(\RR\) or \(\CC\) whose period lattice this is.

  • If the lattice is real and \(z\) is also real then the output is a pair of real numbers if to_curve is True, or a point in \(E(\RR)\) if to_curve is False.

Note

The precision is taken from that of the input z.

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve([1,1,1,-8,6])
sage: P = E(1, -2)
sage: L = E.period_lattice()
sage: z = L(P); z
1.17044757240090
sage: L.elliptic_exponential(z)
(0.999999999999999 : -2.00000000000000 : 1.00000000000000)
sage: _.curve()
Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + 1.00000000000000*x*y + 1.00000000000000*y
 = x^3 + 1.00000000000000*x^2 - 8.00000000000000*x + 6.00000000000000
 over Real Field with 53 bits of precision
sage: L.elliptic_exponential(z,to_curve=False)
(1.41666666666667, -2.00000000000000)
sage: z = L(P, prec=201); z
1.17044757240089592298992188482371493504472561677451007994189
sage: L.elliptic_exponential(z)
(1.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 : -2.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 : 1.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(1),Integer(1),Integer(1),-Integer(8),Integer(6)])
>>> P = E(Integer(1), -Integer(2))
>>> L = E.period_lattice()
>>> z = L(P); z
1.17044757240090
>>> L.elliptic_exponential(z)
(0.999999999999999 : -2.00000000000000 : 1.00000000000000)
>>> _.curve()
Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + 1.00000000000000*x*y + 1.00000000000000*y
 = x^3 + 1.00000000000000*x^2 - 8.00000000000000*x + 6.00000000000000
 over Real Field with 53 bits of precision
>>> L.elliptic_exponential(z,to_curve=False)
(1.41666666666667, -2.00000000000000)
>>> z = L(P, prec=Integer(201)); z
1.17044757240089592298992188482371493504472561677451007994189
>>> L.elliptic_exponential(z)
(1.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 : -2.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 : 1.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)

Examples over number fields:

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: x = polygen(QQ)
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)
sage: embs = K.embeddings(CC)
sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: EK = E.change_ring(K)
sage: Li = [EK.period_lattice(e) for e in embs]
sage: P = EK(-1, -1)
sage: Q = EK(a - 1, 1 - a^2)
sage: zi = [L.elliptic_logarithm(P) for L in Li]
sage: [c.real() for c in Li[0].elliptic_exponential(zi[0])]
[-1.00000000000000, -1.00000000000000, 1.00000000000000]
sage: [c.real() for c in Li[0].elliptic_exponential(zi[1])]
[-1.00000000000000, -1.00000000000000, 1.00000000000000]
sage: [c.real() for c in Li[0].elliptic_exponential(zi[2])]
[-1.00000000000000, -1.00000000000000, 1.00000000000000]

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: zi = [L.elliptic_logarithm(Q) for L in Li]
sage: Li[0].elliptic_exponential(zi[0])
(-1.62996052494744 - 1.09112363597172*I
 : 1.79370052598410 - 1.37472963699860*I
 : 1.00000000000000)
sage: [embs[0](c) for c in Q]
[-1.62996052494744 - 1.09112363597172*I,
 1.79370052598410 - 1.37472963699860*I,
 1.00000000000000]
sage: Li[1].elliptic_exponential(zi[1])
(-1.62996052494744 + 1.09112363597172*I
 : 1.79370052598410 + 1.37472963699860*I
 : 1.00000000000000)
sage: [embs[1](c) for c in Q]
[-1.62996052494744 + 1.09112363597172*I,
 1.79370052598410 + 1.37472963699860*I,
 1.00000000000000]
sage: [c.real() for c in Li[2].elliptic_exponential(zi[2])]
[0.259921049894873, -0.587401051968199, 1.00000000000000]
sage: [embs[2](c) for c in Q]
[0.259921049894873, -0.587401051968200, 1.00000000000000]

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> x = polygen(QQ)
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> embs = K.embeddings(CC)
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> EK = E.change_ring(K)
>>> Li = [EK.period_lattice(e) for e in embs]
>>> P = EK(-Integer(1), -Integer(1))
>>> Q = EK(a - Integer(1), Integer(1) - a**Integer(2))
>>> zi = [L.elliptic_logarithm(P) for L in Li]
>>> [c.real() for c in Li[Integer(0)].elliptic_exponential(zi[Integer(0)])]
[-1.00000000000000, -1.00000000000000, 1.00000000000000]
>>> [c.real() for c in Li[Integer(0)].elliptic_exponential(zi[Integer(1)])]
[-1.00000000000000, -1.00000000000000, 1.00000000000000]
>>> [c.real() for c in Li[Integer(0)].elliptic_exponential(zi[Integer(2)])]
[-1.00000000000000, -1.00000000000000, 1.00000000000000]

>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> zi = [L.elliptic_logarithm(Q) for L in Li]
>>> Li[Integer(0)].elliptic_exponential(zi[Integer(0)])
(-1.62996052494744 - 1.09112363597172*I
 : 1.79370052598410 - 1.37472963699860*I
 : 1.00000000000000)
>>> [embs[Integer(0)](c) for c in Q]
[-1.62996052494744 - 1.09112363597172*I,
 1.79370052598410 - 1.37472963699860*I,
 1.00000000000000]
>>> Li[Integer(1)].elliptic_exponential(zi[Integer(1)])
(-1.62996052494744 + 1.09112363597172*I
 : 1.79370052598410 + 1.37472963699860*I
 : 1.00000000000000)
>>> [embs[Integer(1)](c) for c in Q]
[-1.62996052494744 + 1.09112363597172*I,
 1.79370052598410 + 1.37472963699860*I,
 1.00000000000000]
>>> [c.real() for c in Li[Integer(2)].elliptic_exponential(zi[Integer(2)])]
[0.259921049894873, -0.587401051968199, 1.00000000000000]
>>> [embs[Integer(2)](c) for c in Q]
[0.259921049894873, -0.587401051968200, 1.00000000000000]

Test to show that Issue #8820 is fixed:

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-5)
sage: L = E.change_ring(K).period_lattice(K.places()[0])
sage: L.elliptic_exponential(CDF(.1,.1))
(0.0000142854026029... - 49.9960001066650*I
 : 249.520141250950 + 250.019855549131*I : 1.00000000000000)
sage: L.elliptic_exponential(CDF(.1,.1), to_curve=False)
(0.0000142854026029447 - 49.9960001066650*I,
 500.040282501900 + 500.039711098263*I)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> K = QuadraticField(-Integer(5), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> L = E.change_ring(K).period_lattice(K.places()[Integer(0)])
>>> L.elliptic_exponential(CDF(RealNumber('.1'),RealNumber('.1')))
(0.0000142854026029... - 49.9960001066650*I
 : 249.520141250950 + 250.019855549131*I : 1.00000000000000)
>>> L.elliptic_exponential(CDF(RealNumber('.1'),RealNumber('.1')), to_curve=False)
(0.0000142854026029447 - 49.9960001066650*I,
 500.040282501900 + 500.039711098263*I)

\(z=0\) is treated as a special case:

sage: E = EllipticCurve([1,1,1,-8,6])
sage: L = E.period_lattice()
sage: L.elliptic_exponential(0)
(0.000000000000000 : 1.00000000000000 : 0.000000000000000)
sage: L.elliptic_exponential(0, to_curve=False)
(+infinity, +infinity)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(1),Integer(1),Integer(1),-Integer(8),Integer(6)])
>>> L = E.period_lattice()
>>> L.elliptic_exponential(Integer(0))
(0.000000000000000 : 1.00000000000000 : 0.000000000000000)
>>> L.elliptic_exponential(Integer(0), to_curve=False)
(+infinity, +infinity)


sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-5)
sage: L = E.change_ring(K).period_lattice(K.places()[0])
sage: P = L.elliptic_exponential(0); P
(0.000000000000000 : 1.00000000000000 : 0.000000000000000)
sage: P.parent()
Abelian group of points on Elliptic Curve defined by
 y^2 + 1.00000000000000*y = x^3 + (-1.00000000000000)*x
 over Complex Field with 53 bits of precision

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> K = QuadraticField(-Integer(5), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> L = E.change_ring(K).period_lattice(K.places()[Integer(0)])
>>> P = L.elliptic_exponential(Integer(0)); P
(0.000000000000000 : 1.00000000000000 : 0.000000000000000)
>>> P.parent()
Abelian group of points on Elliptic Curve defined by
 y^2 + 1.00000000000000*y = x^3 + (-1.00000000000000)*x
 over Complex Field with 53 bits of precision

Very small \(z\) are handled properly (see Issue #8820):

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-1)
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,0,0,a,0])
sage: L = E.period_lattice(K.complex_embeddings()[0])
sage: L.elliptic_exponential(1e-100)
(0.000000000000000 : 1.00000000000000 : 0.000000000000000)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> K = QuadraticField(-Integer(1), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(0),Integer(0),a,Integer(0)])
>>> L = E.period_lattice(K.complex_embeddings()[Integer(0)])
>>> L.elliptic_exponential(RealNumber('1e-100'))
(0.000000000000000 : 1.00000000000000 : 0.000000000000000)

The elliptic exponential of \(z\) is returned as \((0 : 1 : 0)\) if the coordinates of \(z\) with respect to the period lattice are approximately integral:

sage: (100/log(2.0,10))/0.8
415.241011860920
sage: L.elliptic_exponential((RealField(415)(1e-100))).is_zero()            # needs sage.rings.number_field
True
sage: L.elliptic_exponential((RealField(420)(1e-100))).is_zero()            # needs sage.rings.number_field
False

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> (Integer(100)/log(RealNumber('2.0'),Integer(10)))/RealNumber('0.8')
415.241011860920
>>> L.elliptic_exponential((RealField(Integer(415))(RealNumber('1e-100')))).is_zero()            # needs sage.rings.number_field
True
>>> L.elliptic_exponential((RealField(Integer(420))(RealNumber('1e-100')))).is_zero()            # needs sage.rings.number_field
False
elliptic_logarithm(P, prec=None, reduce=True)[source]¶

Return the elliptic logarithm of a point.

INPUT:

  • P – point on the elliptic curve associated with this period lattice

  • prec – (default: None) real precision in bits (default real precision if None)

  • reduce – boolean (default: True); if True, the result is reduced with respect to the period lattice basis

OUTPUT:

(complex number) The elliptic logarithm of the point \(P\) with respect to this period lattice. If \(E\) is the elliptic curve and \(\sigma:K\to\CC\) the embedding, the returned value \(z\) is such that \(z\pmod{L}\) maps to \(\sigma(P)\) under the standard Weierstrass isomorphism from \(\CC/L\) to \(\sigma(E)\). If reduce is True, the output is reduced so that it is in the fundamental period parallelogram with respect to the normalised lattice basis.

ALGORITHM:

Uses the complex AGM. See [CT2013] for details.

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('389a')
sage: L = E.period_lattice()
sage: E.discriminant() > 0
True
sage: L.real_flag
1
sage: P = E([-1,1])
sage: P.is_on_identity_component ()
False
sage: L.elliptic_logarithm(P, prec=96)
0.4793482501902193161295330101 + 0.9858688507758241022112038491*I
sage: Q=E([3,5])
sage: Q.is_on_identity_component()
True
sage: L.elliptic_logarithm(Q, prec=96)
1.931128271542559442488585220

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('389a')
>>> L = E.period_lattice()
>>> E.discriminant() > Integer(0)
True
>>> L.real_flag
1
>>> P = E([-Integer(1),Integer(1)])
>>> P.is_on_identity_component ()
False
>>> L.elliptic_logarithm(P, prec=Integer(96))
0.4793482501902193161295330101 + 0.9858688507758241022112038491*I
>>> Q=E([Integer(3),Integer(5)])
>>> Q.is_on_identity_component()
True
>>> L.elliptic_logarithm(Q, prec=Integer(96))
1.931128271542559442488585220

Note that this is actually the inverse of the Weierstrass isomorphism:

sage: L.elliptic_exponential(_)  # abs tol 1e-26
(3.000000000000000000000000000 : 5.000000000000000000000000000 : 1.000000000000000000000000000)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> L.elliptic_exponential(_)  # abs tol 1e-26
(3.000000000000000000000000000 : 5.000000000000000000000000000 : 1.000000000000000000000000000)

An example with negative discriminant, and a torsion point:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a1')
sage: L = E.period_lattice()
sage: E.discriminant() < 0
True
sage: L.real_flag
-1
sage: P = E([16,-61])
sage: L.elliptic_logarithm(P)
0.253841860855911
sage: L.real_period() / L.elliptic_logarithm(P)
5.00000000000000

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('11a1')
>>> L = E.period_lattice()
>>> E.discriminant() < Integer(0)
True
>>> L.real_flag
-1
>>> P = E([Integer(16),-Integer(61)])
>>> L.elliptic_logarithm(P)
0.253841860855911
>>> L.real_period() / L.elliptic_logarithm(P)
5.00000000000000

An example where precision is problematic:

sage: E = EllipticCurve([1, 0, 1, -85357462, 303528987048])  #18074g1
sage: P = E([4458713781401/835903744, -64466909836503771/24167649046528, 1])
sage: L = E.period_lattice()
sage: L.ei()
[5334.003952567705? - 1.964393150436?e-6*I,
 5334.003952567705? + 1.964393150436?e-6*I,
 -10668.25790513541?]
sage: L.elliptic_logarithm(P,prec=100)
0.27656204014107061464076203097

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(1), Integer(0), Integer(1), -Integer(85357462), Integer(303528987048)])  #18074g1
>>> P = E([Integer(4458713781401)/Integer(835903744), -Integer(64466909836503771)/Integer(24167649046528), Integer(1)])
>>> L = E.period_lattice()
>>> L.ei()
[5334.003952567705? - 1.964393150436?e-6*I,
 5334.003952567705? + 1.964393150436?e-6*I,
 -10668.25790513541?]
>>> L.elliptic_logarithm(P,prec=Integer(100))
0.27656204014107061464076203097

Some complex examples, taken from the paper by Cremona and Thongjunthug:

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: K.<i> = QuadraticField(-1)
sage: a4 = 9*i - 10
sage: a6 = 21 - i
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,0,0,a4,a6])
sage: e1 = 3 - 2*i; e2 = 1 + i; e3 = -4 + i
sage: emb = K.embeddings(CC)[1]
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb)
sage: P = E(2 - i, 4 + 2*i)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> K = QuadraticField(-Integer(1), names=('i',)); (i,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> a4 = Integer(9)*i - Integer(10)
>>> a6 = Integer(21) - i
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(0),Integer(0),a4,a6])
>>> e1 = Integer(3) - Integer(2)*i; e2 = Integer(1) + i; e3 = -Integer(4) + i
>>> emb = K.embeddings(CC)[Integer(1)]
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb)
>>> P = E(Integer(2) - i, Integer(4) + Integer(2)*i)

By default, the output is reduced with respect to the normalised lattice basis, so that its coordinates with respect to that basis lie in the interval [0,1):

sage: z = L.elliptic_logarithm(P, prec=100); z                              # needs sage.rings.number_field
0.70448375537782208460499649302 - 0.79246725643650979858266018068*I
sage: L.coordinates(z)                                                      # needs sage.rings.number_field
(0.46247636364807931766105406092, 0.79497588726808704200760395829)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> z = L.elliptic_logarithm(P, prec=Integer(100)); z                              # needs sage.rings.number_field
0.70448375537782208460499649302 - 0.79246725643650979858266018068*I
>>> L.coordinates(z)                                                      # needs sage.rings.number_field
(0.46247636364807931766105406092, 0.79497588726808704200760395829)

Using reduce=False this step can be omitted. In this case the coordinates are usually in the interval [-0.5,0.5), but this is not guaranteed. This option is mainly for testing purposes:

sage: z = L.elliptic_logarithm(P, prec=100, reduce=False); z                # needs sage.rings.number_field
0.57002153834710752778063503023 + 0.46476340520469798857457031393*I
sage: L.coordinates(z)                                                      # needs sage.rings.number_field
(0.46247636364807931766105406092, -0.20502411273191295799239604171)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> z = L.elliptic_logarithm(P, prec=Integer(100), reduce=False); z                # needs sage.rings.number_field
0.57002153834710752778063503023 + 0.46476340520469798857457031393*I
>>> L.coordinates(z)                                                      # needs sage.rings.number_field
(0.46247636364807931766105406092, -0.20502411273191295799239604171)

The elliptic logs of the 2-torsion points are half-periods:

sage: L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e1, 0), prec=100)                              # needs sage.rings.number_field
0.64607575874356525952487867052 + 0.22379609053909448304176885364*I
sage: L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e2, 0), prec=100)                              # needs sage.rings.number_field
0.71330686725892253793705940192 - 0.40481924028150941053684639367*I
sage: L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e3, 0), prec=100)                              # needs sage.rings.number_field
0.067231108515357278412180731396 - 0.62861533082060389357861524731*I

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e1, Integer(0)), prec=Integer(100))                              # needs sage.rings.number_field
0.64607575874356525952487867052 + 0.22379609053909448304176885364*I
>>> L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e2, Integer(0)), prec=Integer(100))                              # needs sage.rings.number_field
0.71330686725892253793705940192 - 0.40481924028150941053684639367*I
>>> L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e3, Integer(0)), prec=Integer(100))                              # needs sage.rings.number_field
0.067231108515357278412180731396 - 0.62861533082060389357861524731*I

We check this by doubling and seeing that the resulting coordinates are integers:

sage: L.coordinates(2*L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e1, 0), prec=100))             # needs sage.rings.number_field
(1.0000000000000000000000000000, 0.00000000000000000000000000000)
sage: L.coordinates(2*L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e2, 0), prec=100))             # needs sage.rings.number_field
(1.0000000000000000000000000000, 1.0000000000000000000000000000)
sage: L.coordinates(2*L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e3, 0), prec=100))             # needs sage.rings.number_field
(0.00000000000000000000000000000, 1.0000000000000000000000000000)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> L.coordinates(Integer(2)*L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e1, Integer(0)), prec=Integer(100)))             # needs sage.rings.number_field
(1.0000000000000000000000000000, 0.00000000000000000000000000000)
>>> L.coordinates(Integer(2)*L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e2, Integer(0)), prec=Integer(100)))             # needs sage.rings.number_field
(1.0000000000000000000000000000, 1.0000000000000000000000000000)
>>> L.coordinates(Integer(2)*L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e3, Integer(0)), prec=Integer(100)))             # needs sage.rings.number_field
(0.00000000000000000000000000000, 1.0000000000000000000000000000)


sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: a4 = -78*i + 104
sage: a6 = -216*i - 312
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,0,0,a4,a6])
sage: emb = K.embeddings(CC)[1]
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb)
sage: P = E(3 + 2*i, 14 - 7*i)
sage: L.elliptic_logarithm(P)
0.297147783912228 - 0.546125549639461*I
sage: L.coordinates(L.elliptic_logarithm(P))
(0.628653378040238, 0.371417754610223)
sage: e1 = 1 + 3*i; e2 = -4 - 12*i; e3 = -e1 - e2
sage: L.coordinates(L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e1, 0)))
(0.500000000000000, 0.500000000000000)
sage: L.coordinates(L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e2, 0)))
(1.00000000000000, 0.500000000000000)
sage: L.coordinates(L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e3, 0)))
(0.500000000000000, 0.000000000000000)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> a4 = -Integer(78)*i + Integer(104)
>>> a6 = -Integer(216)*i - Integer(312)
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(0),Integer(0),a4,a6])
>>> emb = K.embeddings(CC)[Integer(1)]
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb)
>>> P = E(Integer(3) + Integer(2)*i, Integer(14) - Integer(7)*i)
>>> L.elliptic_logarithm(P)
0.297147783912228 - 0.546125549639461*I
>>> L.coordinates(L.elliptic_logarithm(P))
(0.628653378040238, 0.371417754610223)
>>> e1 = Integer(1) + Integer(3)*i; e2 = -Integer(4) - Integer(12)*i; e3 = -e1 - e2
>>> L.coordinates(L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e1, Integer(0))))
(0.500000000000000, 0.500000000000000)
>>> L.coordinates(L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e2, Integer(0))))
(1.00000000000000, 0.500000000000000)
>>> L.coordinates(L.elliptic_logarithm(E(e3, Integer(0))))
(0.500000000000000, 0.000000000000000)
gens(prec=None, algorithm='sage')[source]¶

Return a basis for this period lattice as a 2-tuple.

This is an alias for basis(). See the docstring there for a more in-depth explanation and further examples.

INPUT:

  • prec – (default: None) precision in bits (default precision if None)

  • algorithm – string (default: 'sage'); choice of implementation (for real embeddings only) between 'sage' (native Sage implementation) or 'pari' (use the PARI library: only available for real embeddings)

OUTPUT:

(tuple of Complex) \((\omega_1,\omega_2)\) where the lattice is \(\ZZ\omega_1 + \ZZ\omega_2\). If the lattice is real then \(\omega_1\) is real and positive, \(\Im(\omega_2)>0\) and \(\Re(\omega_2/\omega_1)\) is either \(0\) (for rectangular lattices) or \(\frac{1}{2}\) (for non-rectangular lattices). Otherwise, \(\omega_1/\omega_2\) is in the fundamental region of the upper half-plane. If the latter normalisation is required for real lattices, use the method normalised_basis() instead.

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: E.period_lattice().gens()
(2.99345864623196, 2.45138938198679*I)

sage: E.period_lattice().gens(prec=100)
(2.9934586462319596298320099794, 2.4513893819867900608542248319*I)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> E.period_lattice().gens()
(2.99345864623196, 2.45138938198679*I)

>>> E.period_lattice().gens(prec=Integer(100))
(2.9934586462319596298320099794, 2.4513893819867900608542248319*I)
is_real()[source]¶

Return True if this period lattice is real.

EXAMPLES:

sage: f = EllipticCurve('11a')
sage: f.period_lattice().is_real()
True

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> f = EllipticCurve('11a')
>>> f.period_lattice().is_real()
True


sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: K.<i> = QuadraticField(-1)
sage: E = EllipticCurve(K, [0,0,0,i,2*i])
sage: emb = K.embeddings(ComplexField())[0]
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb)
sage: L.is_real()
False

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> K = QuadraticField(-Integer(1), names=('i',)); (i,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> E = EllipticCurve(K, [Integer(0),Integer(0),Integer(0),i,Integer(2)*i])
>>> emb = K.embeddings(ComplexField())[Integer(0)]
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb)
>>> L.is_real()
False


sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)                                          # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,1,0,a,a])                                        # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: [E.period_lattice(emb).is_real() for emb in K.embeddings(CC)]         # needs sage.rings.number_field
[False, False, True]

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)# needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0),a,a])                                        # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> [E.period_lattice(emb).is_real() for emb in K.embeddings(CC)]         # needs sage.rings.number_field
[False, False, True]

ALGORITHM:

The lattice is real if it is associated to a real embedding; such lattices are stable under conjugation.

is_rectangular()[source]¶

Return True if this period lattice is rectangular.

Note

Only defined for real lattices; a RuntimeError is raised for non-real lattices.

EXAMPLES:

sage: f = EllipticCurve('11a')
sage: f.period_lattice().basis()
(1.26920930427955, 0.634604652139777 + 1.45881661693850*I)
sage: f.period_lattice().is_rectangular()
False

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> f = EllipticCurve('11a')
>>> f.period_lattice().basis()
(1.26920930427955, 0.634604652139777 + 1.45881661693850*I)
>>> f.period_lattice().is_rectangular()
False


sage: f = EllipticCurve('37b')
sage: f.period_lattice().basis()
(1.08852159290423, 1.76761067023379*I)
sage: f.period_lattice().is_rectangular()
True

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> f = EllipticCurve('37b')
>>> f.period_lattice().basis()
(1.08852159290423, 1.76761067023379*I)
>>> f.period_lattice().is_rectangular()
True

ALGORITHM:

The period lattice is rectangular precisely if the discriminant of the Weierstrass equation is positive, or equivalently if the number of real components is 2.

normalised_basis(prec=None, algorithm='sage')[source]¶

Return a normalised basis for this period lattice as a 2-tuple.

INPUT:

  • prec – (default: None) precision in bits (default precision if None)

  • algorithm – string (default: 'sage'); choice of implementation (for real embeddings only) between 'sage' (native Sage implementation) or 'pari' (use the PARI library: only available for real embeddings)

OUTPUT:

(tuple of Complex) \((\omega_1,\omega_2)\) where the lattice has the form \(\ZZ\omega_1 + \ZZ\omega_2\). The basis is normalised so that \(\omega_1/\omega_2\) is in the fundamental region of the upper half-plane. For an alternative normalisation for real lattices (with the first period real), use the method basis() instead.

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: E.period_lattice().normalised_basis()
(2.99345864623196, -2.45138938198679*I)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> E.period_lattice().normalised_basis()
(2.99345864623196, -2.45138938198679*I)


sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)
sage: emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[0]
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,1,0,a,a])
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb)
sage: L.normalised_basis(64)
(1.90726488608927255 - 1.34047785962440202*I,
-1.90726488608927255 - 1.34047785962440202*I)

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: emb = K.embeddings(ComplexField())[0]
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb)
sage: w1, w2 = L.normalised_basis(); w1, w2
(-1.37588604166076 - 2.58560946624443*I,
 -2.10339907847356 + 0.428378776460622*I)
sage: L.is_real()
False
sage: tau = w1/w2; tau
0.387694505032876 + 1.30821088214407*I

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[Integer(0)]
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0),a,a])
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb)
>>> L.normalised_basis(Integer(64))
(1.90726488608927255 - 1.34047785962440202*I,
-1.90726488608927255 - 1.34047785962440202*I)

>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> emb = K.embeddings(ComplexField())[Integer(0)]
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb)
>>> w1, w2 = L.normalised_basis(); w1, w2
(-1.37588604166076 - 2.58560946624443*I,
 -2.10339907847356 + 0.428378776460622*I)
>>> L.is_real()
False
>>> tau = w1/w2; tau
0.387694505032876 + 1.30821088214407*I
omega(prec=None, bsd_normalise=False)[source]¶

Return the real or complex volume of this period lattice.

INPUT:

  • prec – integer or None (default); real precision in bits (default real precision if None)

  • bsd_normalise – boolean (default: False); flag to use BSD normalisation in the complex case

OUTPUT:

(real) For real lattices, this is the real period times the number of connected components. For non-real lattices it is the complex area, or double the area if bsd_normalise is True.

Note

If the curve is given by a global minimal Weierstrass equation, then with bsd_normalise = True, this gives the correct period in the BSD conjecture: the product of this quantity over all embeddings appears in the BSD formula. In general a correction factor is required to make allowance for the model.

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: E.period_lattice().omega()
5.98691729246392

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> E.period_lattice().omega()
5.98691729246392

This is not a minimal model:

sage: E = EllipticCurve([0, -432*6^2])
sage: E.period_lattice().omega()
0.486109385710056

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0), -Integer(432)*Integer(6)**Integer(2)])
>>> E.period_lattice().omega()
0.486109385710056

If you were to plug the above omega into the BSD conjecture, you would get an incorrect value, out by a factor of 2. The following works though:

sage: F = E.minimal_model()
sage: F.period_lattice().omega()
0.972218771420113

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> F = E.minimal_model()
>>> F.period_lattice().omega()
0.972218771420113


sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)
sage: emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[0]
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,1,0,a,a])
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb)
sage: L.omega(64)
3.81452977217854509

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[Integer(0)]
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0),a,a])
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb)
>>> L.omega(Integer(64))
3.81452977217854509

A complex example (taken from J.E.Cremona and E.Whitley, Periods of cusp forms and elliptic curves over imaginary quadratic fields, Mathematics of Computation 62 No. 205 (1994), 407-429). See Issue #29645 and Issue #29782:

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: K.<i> = QuadraticField(-1)
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,1-i,i,-i,0])
sage: L = E.period_lattice(K.embeddings(CC)[0])
sage: L.omega()
8.80694160502647
sage: L.omega(prec=200)
8.8069416050264741493250743632295462227858630765392114070032
sage: L.omega(bsd_normalise=True)
17.6138832100529

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> K = QuadraticField(-Integer(1), names=('i',)); (i,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(1)-i,i,-i,Integer(0)])
>>> L = E.period_lattice(K.embeddings(CC)[Integer(0)])
>>> L.omega()
8.80694160502647
>>> L.omega(prec=Integer(200))
8.8069416050264741493250743632295462227858630765392114070032
>>> L.omega(bsd_normalise=True)
17.6138832100529
real_period(prec=None, algorithm='sage')[source]¶

Return the real period of this period lattice.

INPUT:

  • prec – integer or None (default); real precision in bits (default real precision if None)

  • algorithm – string (default: 'sage'); choice of implementation (for real embeddings only) between 'sage' (native Sage implementation) or 'pari' (use the PARI library: only available for real embeddings)

Note

Only defined for real lattices; a RuntimeError is raised for non-real lattices.

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: E.period_lattice().real_period()
2.99345864623196

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> E.period_lattice().real_period()
2.99345864623196


sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)
sage: emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[0]
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,1,0,a,a])
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb)
sage: L.real_period(64)
3.81452977217854509

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[Integer(0)]
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0),a,a])
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb)
>>> L.real_period(Integer(64))
3.81452977217854509
reduce(z)[source]¶

Reduce a complex number modulo the lattice.

INPUT:

  • z – complex number

OUTPUT:

(complex) the reduction of \(z\) modulo the lattice, lying in the fundamental period parallelogram with respect to the lattice basis. For curves defined over the reals (i.e. real embeddings) the output will be real when possible.

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('389a')
sage: L = E.period_lattice()
sage: w1, w2 = L.basis(prec=100)
sage: P = E([-1,1])
sage: zP = P.elliptic_logarithm(precision=100); zP
0.47934825019021931612953301006 + 0.98586885077582410221120384908*I
sage: z = zP + 10*w1 - 20*w2; z
25.381473858740770069343110929 - 38.448885180257139986236950114*I
sage: L.reduce(z)
0.47934825019021931612953301006 + 0.98586885077582410221120384908*I
sage: L.elliptic_logarithm(2*P)
0.958696500380439
sage: L.reduce(L.elliptic_logarithm(2*P))
0.958696500380439
sage: L.reduce(L.elliptic_logarithm(2*P) + 10*w1 - 20*w2)
0.958696500380444

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('389a')
>>> L = E.period_lattice()
>>> w1, w2 = L.basis(prec=Integer(100))
>>> P = E([-Integer(1),Integer(1)])
>>> zP = P.elliptic_logarithm(precision=Integer(100)); zP
0.47934825019021931612953301006 + 0.98586885077582410221120384908*I
>>> z = zP + Integer(10)*w1 - Integer(20)*w2; z
25.381473858740770069343110929 - 38.448885180257139986236950114*I
>>> L.reduce(z)
0.47934825019021931612953301006 + 0.98586885077582410221120384908*I
>>> L.elliptic_logarithm(Integer(2)*P)
0.958696500380439
>>> L.reduce(L.elliptic_logarithm(Integer(2)*P))
0.958696500380439
>>> L.reduce(L.elliptic_logarithm(Integer(2)*P) + Integer(10)*w1 - Integer(20)*w2)
0.958696500380444
sigma(z, prec=None, flag=0)[source]¶

Return the value of the Weierstrass sigma function for this elliptic curve period lattice.

INPUT:

  • z – a complex number

  • prec – (default: None) real precision in bits

    (default real precision if None)

  • flag –

    0: (default) ???;

    1: computes an arbitrary determination of log(sigma(z))

    2, 3: same using the product expansion instead of theta series. ???

Note

The reason for the ???’s above, is that the PARI documentation for ellsigma is very vague. Also this is only implemented for curves defined over \(\QQ\).

Todo

This function does not use any of the PeriodLattice functions and so should be moved to ell_rational_field.

EXAMPLES:

sage: EllipticCurve('389a1').period_lattice().sigma(CC(2,1))
2.60912163570108 - 0.200865080824587*I

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> EllipticCurve('389a1').period_lattice().sigma(CC(Integer(2),Integer(1)))
2.60912163570108 - 0.200865080824587*I
tau(prec=None, algorithm='sage')[source]¶

Return the upper half-plane parameter in the fundamental region.

INPUT:

  • prec – (default: None) precision in bits (default precision if None)

  • algorithm – string (default: 'sage'); choice of implementation (for real embeddings only) between ‘sage’ (native Sage implementation) or ‘pari’ (use the PARI library: only available for real embeddings)

OUTPUT:

(Complex) \(\tau = \omega_1/\omega_2\) where the lattice has the form \(\ZZ\omega_1 + \ZZ\omega_2\), normalised so that \(\tau = \omega_1/\omega_2\) is in the fundamental region of the upper half-plane.

EXAMPLES:

sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
sage: L = E.period_lattice()
sage: L.tau()
1.22112736076463*I

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> E = EllipticCurve('37a')
>>> L = E.period_lattice()
>>> L.tau()
1.22112736076463*I


sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2)
sage: emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[0]
sage: E = EllipticCurve([0,1,0,a,a])
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb)
sage: tau = L.tau(); tau
-0.338718341018919 + 0.940887817679340*I
sage: tau.abs()
1.00000000000000
sage: -0.5 <= tau.real() <= 0.5
True

sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
sage: emb = K.embeddings(ComplexField())[0]
sage: L = E.period_lattice(emb)
sage: tau = L.tau(); tau
0.387694505032876 + 1.30821088214407*I
sage: tau.abs()
1.36444961115933
sage: -0.5 <= tau.real() <= 0.5
True

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
>>> K = NumberField(x**Integer(3) - Integer(2), names=('a',)); (a,) = K._first_ngens(1)
>>> emb = K.embeddings(RealField())[Integer(0)]
>>> E = EllipticCurve([Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0),a,a])
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb)
>>> tau = L.tau(); tau
-0.338718341018919 + 0.940887817679340*I
>>> tau.abs()
1.00000000000000
>>> -RealNumber('0.5') <= tau.real() <= RealNumber('0.5')
True

>>> # needs sage.rings.number_field
>>> emb = K.embeddings(ComplexField())[Integer(0)]
>>> L = E.period_lattice(emb)
>>> tau = L.tau(); tau
0.387694505032876 + 1.30821088214407*I
>>> tau.abs()
1.36444961115933
>>> -RealNumber('0.5') <= tau.real() <= RealNumber('0.5')
True
sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.period_lattice.extended_agm_iteration(a, b, c)[source]¶

Internal function for the extended AGM used in elliptic logarithm computation.

INPUT:

  • a, b, c – three real or complex numbers

OUTPUT:

(3-tuple) \((a_0,b_0,c_0)\), the limit of the iteration \((a,b,c) \mapsto ((a+b)/2,\sqrt{ab},(c+\sqrt{c^2+b^2-a^2})/2)\).

EXAMPLES:

sage: # needs sage.rings.real_mpfr
sage: from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.period_lattice import extended_agm_iteration
sage: extended_agm_iteration(RR(1), RR(2), RR(3))
(1.45679103104691, 1.45679103104691, 3.21245294970054)
sage: extended_agm_iteration(CC(1,2), CC(2,3), CC(3,4))
(1.46242448156430 + 2.47791311676267*I,
 1.46242448156430 + 2.47791311676267*I,
 3.22202144343535 + 4.28383734262540*I)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.real_mpfr
>>> from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.period_lattice import extended_agm_iteration
>>> extended_agm_iteration(RR(Integer(1)), RR(Integer(2)), RR(Integer(3)))
(1.45679103104691, 1.45679103104691, 3.21245294970054)
>>> extended_agm_iteration(CC(Integer(1),Integer(2)), CC(Integer(2),Integer(3)), CC(Integer(3),Integer(4)))
(1.46242448156430 + 2.47791311676267*I,
 1.46242448156430 + 2.47791311676267*I,
 3.22202144343535 + 4.28383734262540*I)
sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.period_lattice.normalise_periods(w1, w2)[source]¶

Normalise the period basis \((w_1,w_2)\) so that \(w_1/w_2\) is in the fundamental region.

INPUT:

  • w1, w2 – two complex numbers with non-real ratio

OUTPUT:

(tuple) \(((\omega_1',\omega_2'),[a,b,c,d])\) where \(a,b,c,d\) are integers such that

  • \(ad-bc=\pm1\);

  • \((\omega_1',\omega_2') = (a\omega_1+b\omega_2,c\omega_1+d\omega_2)\);

  • \(\tau=\omega_1'/\omega_2'\) is in the upper half plane;

  • \(|\tau|\ge1\) and \(|\Re(\tau)|\le\frac{1}{2}\).

EXAMPLES:

sage: # needs sage.rings.real_mpfr sage.symbolic
sage: from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.period_lattice import reduce_tau, normalise_periods
sage: w1 = CC(1.234, 3.456)
sage: w2 = CC(1.234, 3.456000001)
sage: w1/w2    # in lower half plane!
0.999999999743367 - 9.16334785827644e-11*I
sage: w1w2, abcd = normalise_periods(w1, w2)
sage: a,b,c,d = abcd
sage: w1w2 == (a*w1+b*w2, c*w1+d*w2)
True
sage: w1w2[0]/w1w2[1]
1.23400010389203e9*I
sage: a*d-b*c # note change of orientation
-1

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.real_mpfr sage.symbolic
>>> from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.period_lattice import reduce_tau, normalise_periods
>>> w1 = CC(RealNumber('1.234'), RealNumber('3.456'))
>>> w2 = CC(RealNumber('1.234'), RealNumber('3.456000001'))
>>> w1/w2    # in lower half plane!
0.999999999743367 - 9.16334785827644e-11*I
>>> w1w2, abcd = normalise_periods(w1, w2)
>>> a,b,c,d = abcd
>>> w1w2 == (a*w1+b*w2, c*w1+d*w2)
True
>>> w1w2[Integer(0)]/w1w2[Integer(1)]
1.23400010389203e9*I
>>> a*d-b*c # note change of orientation
-1
sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.period_lattice.reduce_tau(tau)[source]¶

Transform a point in the upper half plane to the fundamental region.

INPUT:

  • tau – complex number with positive imaginary part

OUTPUT:

(tuple) \((\tau',[a,b,c,d])\) where \(a,b,c,d\) are integers such that

  • \(ad-bc=1\);

  • \(\tau'=(a\tau+b)/(c\tau+d)\);

  • \(|\tau'|\ge1\);

  • \(|\Re(\tau')|\le\frac{1}{2}\).

EXAMPLES:

sage: # needs sage.rings.real_mpfr sage.symbolic
sage: from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.period_lattice import reduce_tau
sage: reduce_tau(CC(1.23,3.45))
(0.230000000000000 + 3.45000000000000*I, [1, -1, 0, 1])
sage: reduce_tau(CC(1.23,0.0345))
(-0.463960069171512 + 1.35591888067914*I, [-5, 6, 4, -5])
sage: reduce_tau(CC(1.23,0.0000345))
(0.130000000001761 + 2.89855072463768*I, [13, -16, 100, -123])

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.rings.real_mpfr sage.symbolic
>>> from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.period_lattice import reduce_tau
>>> reduce_tau(CC(RealNumber('1.23'),RealNumber('3.45')))
(0.230000000000000 + 3.45000000000000*I, [1, -1, 0, 1])
>>> reduce_tau(CC(RealNumber('1.23'),RealNumber('0.0345')))
(-0.463960069171512 + 1.35591888067914*I, [-5, 6, 4, -5])
>>> reduce_tau(CC(RealNumber('1.23'),RealNumber('0.0000345')))
(0.130000000001761 + 2.89855072463768*I, [13, -16, 100, -123])
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On this page
  • Period lattices of elliptic curves and related functions
    • PeriodLattice
    • PeriodLattice_ell
      • basis()
      • basis_matrix()
      • complex_area()
      • coordinates()
      • curve()
      • e_log_RC()
      • ei()
      • elliptic_exponential()
      • elliptic_logarithm()
      • gens()
      • is_real()
      • is_rectangular()
      • normalised_basis()
      • omega()
      • real_period()
      • reduce()
      • sigma()
      • tau()
    • extended_agm_iteration()
    • normalise_periods()
    • reduce_tau()