Library interface to Kenzo#

Kenzo is a set of lisp functions to compute homology and homotopy groups of topological spaces.

AUTHORS:

Miguel Marco, Ana Romero (2019-01): Initial version

For this interface, Kenzo is loaded into ECL which is itself loaded as a C library in Sage. Kenzo objects in this interface are nothing but wrappers around ECL objects.

sage.interfaces.kenzo.BicomplexSpectralSequence(l)#

Construct the spectral sequence associated to the bicomplex given by a list of morphisms.

INPUT:

l – A list of morphisms of chain complexes

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSpectralSequence

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import BicomplexSpectralSequence # optional - kenzo
sage: C1 = ChainComplex({1: matrix(ZZ, 0, 2, [])}, degree_of_differential=-1)
sage: C2 = ChainComplex({1: matrix(ZZ, 1, 2, [1, 0])},degree_of_differential=-1)
sage: C3 = ChainComplex({0: matrix(ZZ, 0,2 , [])},degree_of_differential=-1)
sage: M1 = Hom(C2,C1)({1: matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [2, 0, 0, 2])})
sage: M2 = Hom(C3,C2)({0: matrix(ZZ, 1, 2, [2, 0])})
sage: l = [M1, M2]
sage: E = BicomplexSpectralSequence(l)                        # optional - kenzo
sage: E.group(2,0,1)                                          # optional - kenzo
Additive abelian group isomorphic to Z/2 + Z
sage: E.table(3,0,2,0,2)                                      # optional - kenzo
0           0   0
Z/2 + Z/4   0   0
0           0   Z
sage: E.matrix(2,2,0)                                         # optional - kenzo
[ 0  0]
[-4  0]

sage.interfaces.kenzo.EilenbergMacLaneSpace(G, n)#

Return the Eilenberg-MacLane space K(G, n) as a Kenzo simplicial group.

The Eilenberg-MacLane space K(G, n) is the space whose has n’th homotopy group isomorphic to G, and the rest of the homotopy groups are trivial.

INPUT:

G – group. Currently only ZZ and the additive group of two elements are supported.
n – the dimension in which the homotopy is not trivial

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSimplicialGroup

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import EilenbergMacLaneSpace    # optional - kenzo
sage: e3 = EilenbergMacLaneSpace(ZZ, 3)                          # optional - kenzo
sage: [e3.homology(i) for i in range(8)]                         # optional - kenzo
[Z, 0, 0, Z, 0, C2, 0, C3]
sage: f3 = EilenbergMacLaneSpace(AdditiveAbelianGroup([2]), 3)   # optional - kenzo
sage: [f3.homology(i) for i in range(8)]                         # optional - kenzo
[Z, 0, 0, C2, 0, C2, C2, C2]

sage.interfaces.kenzo.KAbstractSimplex(simplex)#

Convert an AbstractSimplex in Sage to an abstract simplex of Kenzo.

INPUT:

simplex – An AbstractSimplex.

OUTPUT:

An abstract simplex of Kenzo.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.topology.simplicial_set import AbstractSimplex
sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import (                       # optional - kenzo
....:   KAbstractSimplex, SAbstractSimplex)
sage: SAbSm = AbstractSimplex(1, (2,0,3,2,1), name = 'SAbSm')   # optional - kenzo
sage: KAbSm = KAbstractSimplex(SAbSm)                           # optional - kenzo
sage: SAbSm2 = SAbstractSimplex(KAbSm, 1)                       # optional - kenzo
sage: SAbSm.degeneracies() == SAbSm2.degeneracies()             # optional - kenzo
True
sage: SAbSm.dimension() == SAbSm2.dimension()                   # optional - kenzo
True

sage.interfaces.kenzo.KChainComplex(chain_complex)#

Construct a KenzoChainComplex from a ChainComplex of degree = -1 in Sage.

INPUT:

chain_complex – A ChainComplex of degree = -1

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplex

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KChainComplex                 # optional - kenzo
sage: m1 = matrix(ZZ, 3, 2, [-1, 1, 3, -4, 5, 6])
sage: m4 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 6])
sage: m5 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 3, [2, 2, 2, -1, -1, -1])
sage: sage_chcm = ChainComplex({1: m1, 4: m4, 5: m5}, degree = -1)    # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm = KChainComplex(sage_chcm)                           # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm                                                      # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: kenzo_chcm.homology(5)                                          # optional - kenzo
Z x Z

sage.interfaces.kenzo.KChainComplexMorphism(morphism)#

Construct a KenzoChainComplexMorphism from a ChainComplexMorphism in Sage.

INPUT:

morphism – A morphism of chain complexes

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplexMorphism

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KChainComplexMorphism           # optional - kenzo
sage: C = ChainComplex({0: identity_matrix(ZZ, 1)})
sage: D = ChainComplex({0: zero_matrix(ZZ, 1), 1: zero_matrix(ZZ, 1)})
sage: f = Hom(C,D)({0: identity_matrix(ZZ, 1), 1: zero_matrix(ZZ, 1)})
sage: g = KChainComplexMorphism(f)                                      # optional - kenzo
sage: g                                                                 # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: g.source_complex()                                                # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: g.target_complex()                                                # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]

sage.interfaces.kenzo.KFiniteSimplicialSet(sset)#

Convert a finite SimplicialSet in Sage to a finite simplicial set of Kenzo.

INPUT:

sset – A finite SimplicialSet.

OUTPUT:

A finite simplicial set of Kenzo.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.topology.simplicial_set import AbstractSimplex, SimplicialSet
sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KFiniteSimplicialSet    # optional - kenzo
sage: s0 = AbstractSimplex(0, name='s0')
sage: s1 = AbstractSimplex(0, name='s1')
sage: s2 = AbstractSimplex(0, name='s2')
sage: s01 = AbstractSimplex(1, name='s01')
sage: s02 = AbstractSimplex(1, name='s02')
sage: s12 = AbstractSimplex(1, name='s12')
sage: s012 = AbstractSimplex(2, name='s012')
sage: Triangle = SimplicialSet({s01: (s1, s0),\
....: s02: (s2, s0), s12: (s2, s1)}, base_point = s0)
sage: KTriangle = KFiniteSimplicialSet(Triangle)                # optional - kenzo
sage: KTriangle.homology(1)                                     # optional - kenzo
Z
sage: KTriangle.basis(1)                                        # optional - kenzo
['CELL_1_0', 'CELL_1_1', 'CELL_1_2']
sage: S1 = simplicial_sets.Sphere(1)
sage: S3 = simplicial_sets.Sphere(3)
sage: KS1vS3 = KFiniteSimplicialSet(S1.wedge(S3))               # optional - kenzo
sage: KS1vS3.homology(3)                                        # optional - kenzo
Z

class sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoChainComplex(kenzo_object)#

Bases: KenzoObject

Wrapper to Kenzo chain complexes. Kenzo simplicial sets are a particular case of Kenzo chain complexes.

basis(dim)#

Return the list of generators of the chain complex associated to the kenzo object self in dimension dim.

INPUT:

dim – An integer number

OUTPUT:

A list of the form [‘G”dim”G0’, ‘G”dim”G1’, ‘G”dim”G2’, …].

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KChainComplex   # optional - kenzo
sage: m1 = matrix(ZZ, 3, 2, [-1, 1, 3, -4, 5, 6])
sage: m4 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 6])
sage: m5 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 3, [2, 2, 2, -1, -1, -1])
sage: sage_chcm = ChainComplex({1: m1, 4: m4, 5: m5}, degree = -1)         # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm = KChainComplex(sage_chcm)                                # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm                                                           # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: for i in range(6):                                                   # optional - kenzo
....:     print("Basis in dimension %i: %s" % (i, kenzo_chcm.basis(i)))
Basis in dimension 0: ['G0G0', 'G0G1', 'G0G2']
Basis in dimension 1: ['G1G0', 'G1G1']
Basis in dimension 2: None
Basis in dimension 3: ['G3G0', 'G3G1']
Basis in dimension 4: ['G4G0', 'G4G1']
Basis in dimension 5: ['G5G0', 'G5G1', 'G5G2']

differential(dim=None, comb=None)#

Return the differential of a combination.

INPUT:

dim – An integer number or None (default)
comb – A list representing a formal sum of generators in the module of dimension dim or None (default). For example, to represent G7G12 + 3*G7G0 - 5*G7G3 we use the list [3, ‘G7G0’, -5, ‘G7G3’, 1, ‘G7G12’]. Note that the generators must be in ascending order respect to the number after the second G in their representation; the parameter comb = [1, ‘G7G12’, 3, ‘G7G0’, -5, ‘G7G3’] will produce an error in Kenzo.

OUTPUT:

If dim and comb are not None, it returns a Kenzo combination representing the differential of the formal combination represented by comb in the chain complex self in dimension dim. On the other hand, if \(dim`\) or comb (or both) take None value, the differential KenzoMorphismChainComplex of self is returned.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KChainComplex                 # optional - kenzo
sage: m1 = matrix(ZZ, 3, 2, [-1, 1, 3, -4, 5, 6])
sage: m4 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 6])
sage: m5 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 3, [2, 2, 2, -1, -1, -1])
sage: sage_chcm = ChainComplex({1: m1, 4: m4, 5: m5}, degree = -1)
sage: kenzo_chcm = KChainComplex(sage_chcm)                           # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm                                                      # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: kenzo_chcm.basis(4)                                             # optional - kenzo
['G4G0', 'G4G1']
sage: kenzo_chcm.differential(4, [1, 'G4G0'])                         # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 3}
<1 * G3G0>
<3 * G3G1>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sage: kenzo_chcm.basis(5)                                             # optional - kenzo
['G5G0', 'G5G1', 'G5G2']
sage: kenzo_chcm.differential(5, [1, 'G5G0', 2, 'G5G2'])              # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 4}
<6 * G4G0>
<-3 * G4G1>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

homology(n)#

Return the n’th homology group of the chain complex associated to this kenzo object.

INPUT:

n – the dimension in which compute the homology

OUTPUT:

An homology group.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere   # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                             # optional - kenzo
sage: s2                                         # optional - kenzo
[K1 Simplicial-Set]
sage: s2.homology(2)                             # optional - kenzo
Z

identity_morphism()#

Return the identity morphism (degree 0) between self and itself.

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplexMorphism

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere                   # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                                             # optional - kenzo
sage: tp = s2.tensor_product(s2)                                 # optional - kenzo
sage: idnt = tp.identity_morphism()                              # optional - kenzo
sage: type(idnt)                                                 # optional - kenzo
<class 'sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoChainComplexMorphism'>

null_morphism(target=None, degree=None)#

Return the null morphism between the chain complexes self and target of degree degree.

INPUT:

target – A KenzoChainComplex or None (default).
degree – An integer number or None (default).

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplexMorphism representing the null morphism between self and target of degree degree. If target takes None value, self is assumed as the target chain complex; if degree takes None value, 0 is assumed as the degree of the null morphism.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere                   # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                                             # optional - kenzo
sage: s3 = Sphere(3)                                             # optional - kenzo
sage: tp22 = s2.tensor_product(s2)                               # optional - kenzo
sage: tp22                                                       # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: tp23 = s2.tensor_product(s3)                               # optional - kenzo
sage: tp23                                                       # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: null1 = tp22.null_morphism()                               # optional - kenzo
sage: null1                                                      # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: null2 = tp22.null_morphism(target = tp23, degree = -3)     # optional - kenzo
sage: null2                                                      # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree -3): K... -> K...]

orgn()#

Return the :orgn slot of Kenzo, which stores as a list the origin of the object

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere                # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                                          # optional - kenzo
sage: l2 = s2.loop_space()                                    # optional - kenzo
sage: l2.orgn()                                               # optional - kenzo
'(LOOP-SPACE [K... Simplicial-Set])'
sage: A = l2.cartesian_product(s2)                            # optional - kenzo
sage: A.orgn()                                                # optional - kenzo
'(CRTS-PRDC [K... Simplicial-Group] [K... Simplicial-Set])'

tensor_product(other)#

Return the tensor product of self and other.

INPUT:

other – The Kenzo object with which to compute the tensor product

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplex

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere    # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                              # optional - kenzo
sage: s3 = Sphere(3)                              # optional - kenzo
sage: p = s2.tensor_product(s3)                   # optional - kenzo
sage: type(p)                                     # optional - kenzo
<class 'sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoChainComplex'>
sage: [p.homology(i) for i in range(8)]           # optional - kenzo
[Z, 0, Z, Z, 0, Z, 0, 0]

class sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoChainComplexMorphism(kenzo_object)#

Bases: KenzoObject

Wrapper to Kenzo morphisms between chain complexes.

change_source_target_complex(source=None, target=None)#

Build, from the morphism self, a new morphism with source and target as source and target Kenzo chain complexes, respectively.

INPUT:

source – A KenzoChainComplex instance or None (default).
target – A KenzoChainComplex instance or None (default).

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplexMorphism inheriting from self the degree (:degr slot in Kenzo), the algorithm (:intr slot in Kenzo) and the strategy (:strt slot in Kenzo). The source and target slots of this new morphism are given by the parameters source and target respectively; if any parameter is ommited, the corresponding slot is inherited from self.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere, KenzoChainComplex # optional - kenzo
sage: from sage.libs.ecl import ecl_eval
sage: ZCC = KenzoChainComplex(ecl_eval("(z-chcm)"))               # optional - kenzo
sage: ZCC                                                         # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                                              # optional - kenzo
sage: s3 = Sphere(3)                                              # optional - kenzo
sage: tp = s2.tensor_product(s3)                                  # optional - kenzo
sage: tp                                                          # optional - kenzo
[K... Filtered-Chain-Complex]
sage: null = ZCC.null_morphism(tp)                                # optional - kenzo
sage: null                                                        # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: null.source_complex()                                       # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: null2 = null.change_source_target_complex(source = tp)      # optional - kenzo
sage: null2                                                       # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: null2.source_complex()                                      # optional - kenzo
[K... Filtered-Chain-Complex]

composite(object=None)#

Return the composite of self and the morphism(s) given by the parameter object.

INPUT:

object – A KenzoChainComplexMorphism instance, a KenzoChainComplex instance, a tuple of KenzoChainComplexMorphism and KenzoChainComplex instances, or None (default).

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplexMorphism: if object is a KenzoChainComplexMorphism, the composite of self and object is returned; if object is a KenzoChainComplex, the composite of self and the differential morphism of object is returned; if object is a tuple, the composite of self and the morphisms or the differential morphisms of the given chain complexes in object is returned (if object is None, self morphism is returned).

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere                   # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                                             # optional - kenzo
sage: s3 = Sphere(3)                                             # optional - kenzo
sage: tp22 = s2.tensor_product(s2)                               # optional - kenzo
sage: tp23 = s2.tensor_product(s3)                               # optional - kenzo
sage: idnt = tp22.identity_morphism()                            # optional - kenzo
sage: idnt                                                       # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: null = tp23.null_morphism(target = tp22, degree = 4)       # optional - kenzo
sage: null                                                       # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 4): K... -> K...]
sage: idnt.composite((tp22, null))                               # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 3): K... -> K...]

degree()#

Return the degree of the morphism.

OUTPUT:

An integer number, the degree of the morphism.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KChainComplex                # optional - kenzo
sage: m1 = matrix(ZZ, 3, 2, [-1, 1, 3, -4, 5, 6])
sage: m4 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 6])
sage: m5 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 3, [2, 2, 2, -1, -1, -1])
sage: sage_chcm = ChainComplex({1: m1, 4: m4, 5: m5}, degree = -1)   # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm = KChainComplex(sage_chcm)                          # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm                                                     # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: differential_morphism = kenzo_chcm.differential()              # optional - kenzo
sage: differential_morphism                                          # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree -1): K... -> K...]
sage: differential_morphism.degree()                                 # optional - kenzo
-1
sage: differential_morphism.composite(differential_morphism).degree() # optional - kenzo
-2
sage: kenzo_chcm.null_morphism().degree()                            # optional - kenzo
0

destructive_change_source_target_complex(source=None, target=None)#

Modify destructively the morphism self taking source and target as source and target Kenzo chain complexes of self, respectively.

INPUT:

source – A KenzoChainComplex instance or None (default).
target – A KenzoChainComplex instance or None (default).

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplexMorphism. The source and target slots of self are replaced respectively by the parameters source and target; if any parameter is ommited, the corresponding slot is inherited from self.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere, KenzoChainComplex # optional - kenzo
sage: from sage.libs.ecl import ecl_eval
sage: ZCC = KenzoChainComplex(ecl_eval("(z-chcm)"))               # optional - kenzo
sage: ZCC                                                         # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                                              # optional - kenzo
sage: s3 = Sphere(3)                                              # optional - kenzo
sage: tp = s2.tensor_product(s3)                                  # optional - kenzo
sage: tp                                                          # optional - kenzo
[K... Filtered-Chain-Complex]
sage: null = ZCC.null_morphism(tp)                                # optional - kenzo
sage: null                                                        # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: null.target_complex()                                       # optional - kenzo
[K... Filtered-Chain-Complex]
sage: null.destructive_change_source_target_complex(target = ZCC) # optional - kenzo
[K... Cohomology-Class on K... of degree 0]
sage: null.target_complex()                                       # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]

evaluation(dim, comb)#

Apply the morphism on a combination comb of dimension dim.

INPUT:

dim – An integer number
comb – A list representing a formal sum of generators in the module of dimension dim. For example, to represent G7G12 + 3*G7G0 - 5*G7G3 we use the list [3, ‘G7G0’, -5, ‘G7G3’, 1, ‘G7G12’]. Note that the generators must be in ascending order respect to the number after the second G in their representation; the parameter comb = [1, ‘G7G12’, 3, ‘G7G0’, -5, ‘G7G3’] will produce an error in Kenzo.

OUTPUT:

A Kenzo combination representing the result of applying the morphism on the formal combination represented by comb in the chain complex self in dimension dim.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KChainComplex                 # optional - kenzo
sage: m1 = matrix(ZZ, 3, 2, [-1, 1, 3, -4, 5, 6])
sage: m4 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 6])
sage: m5 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 3, [2, 2, 2, -1, -1, -1])
sage: sage_chcm = ChainComplex({1: m1, 4: m4, 5: m5}, degree = -1)
sage: kenzo_chcm = KChainComplex(sage_chcm)                           # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm                                                      # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: differential_morphism = kenzo_chcm.differential()               # optional - kenzo
sage: differential_morphism                                           # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree -1): K... -> K...]
sage: dif_squared = differential_morphism.composite(differential_morphism)  # optional - kenzo
sage: dif_squared                                                     # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree -2): K... -> K...]
sage: kenzo_chcm.basis(5)                                             # optional - kenzo
['G5G0', 'G5G1', 'G5G2']
sage: kenzo_chcm.differential(5, [1, 'G5G0', 2, 'G5G2'])              # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 4}
<6 * G4G0>
<-3 * G4G1>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sage: differential_morphism.evaluation(5, [1, 'G5G0', 2, 'G5G2'])     # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 4}
<6 * G4G0>
<-3 * G4G1>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sage: dif_squared.evaluation(5, [1, 'G5G0', 2, 'G5G2'])               # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 3}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sage: idnt = kenzo_chcm.identity_morphism()                             # optional - kenzo
sage: idx2 = idnt.sum(idnt)                                             # optional - kenzo
sage: idnt.evaluation(5, [1, 'G5G0', 2, 'G5G2'])                        # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 5}
<1 * G5G0>
<2 * G5G2>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sage: idx2.evaluation(5, [1, 'G5G0', 2, 'G5G2'])                      # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 5}
<2 * G5G0>
<4 * G5G2>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

opposite()#

Return the opposite morphism of self, i.e., -1 x self.

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplexMorphism

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KChainComplex                # optional - kenzo
sage: m1 = matrix(ZZ, 3, 2, [-1, 1, 3, -4, 5, 6])
sage: m4 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 6])
sage: m5 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 3, [2, 2, 2, -1, -1, -1])
sage: sage_chcm = ChainComplex({1: m1, 4: m4, 5: m5}, degree = -1)   # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm = KChainComplex(sage_chcm)                          # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm                                                     # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: idnt = kenzo_chcm.identity_morphism()                          # optional - kenzo
sage: idnt                                                           # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: opps_id = idnt.opposite()                                      # optional - kenzo
sage: opps_id                                                        # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: kenzo_chcm.basis(4)                                            # optional - kenzo
['G4G0', 'G4G1']
sage: idnt.evaluation(4, [2, 'G4G0', -5, 'G4G1'])                    # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 4}
<2 * G4G0>
<-5 * G4G1>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sage: opps_id.evaluation(4, [2, 'G4G0', -5, 'G4G1'])                 # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 4}
<-2 * G4G0>
<5 * G4G1>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

source_complex()#

Return the source chain complex of the morphism.

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplex

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KChainComplex                # optional - kenzo
sage: m1 = matrix(ZZ, 3, 2, [-1, 1, 3, -4, 5, 6])
sage: m4 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 6])
sage: m5 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 3, [2, 2, 2, -1, -1, -1])
sage: sage_chcm = ChainComplex({1: m1, 4: m4, 5: m5}, degree = -1)   # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm = KChainComplex(sage_chcm)                          # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm                                                     # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: differential_morphism = kenzo_chcm.differential()              # optional - kenzo
sage: differential_morphism                                          # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree -1): K... -> K...]
sage: differential_morphism.source_complex()                         # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]

substract(object=None)#

Return a morphism, difference of the morphism self and the morphism(s) given by the parameter object.

INPUT:

object – A KenzoChainComplexMorphism instance, a tuple of KenzoChainComplexMorphism instances or None (default).

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplexMorphism, difference of the morphism self and the morphism(s) given by object (if object is None, self morphism is returned). For example, if object = (mrph1, mrph2, mrph3) the result is self - mrph1 - mrph2 - mrph3.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KChainComplex                # optional - kenzo
sage: m1 = matrix(ZZ, 3, 2, [-1, 1, 3, -4, 5, 6])
sage: m4 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 6])
sage: m5 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 3, [2, 2, 2, -1, -1, -1])
sage: sage_chcm = ChainComplex({1: m1, 4: m4, 5: m5}, degree = -1)   # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm = KChainComplex(sage_chcm)                          # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm                                                     # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: idnt = kenzo_chcm.identity_morphism()                          # optional - kenzo
sage: idnt                                                           # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: opps_id = idnt.opposite()                                      # optional - kenzo
sage: opps_id                                                        # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: null = kenzo_chcm.null_morphism()                              # optional - kenzo
sage: null                                                           # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: idx2 = idnt.substract(opps_id)                                 # optional - kenzo
sage: opps_idx2 = idx2.substract(                                    # optional - kenzo
....:   (opps_id, idnt, idnt, null, idx2.substract(opps_id)))
sage: kenzo_chcm.basis(4)                                            # optional - kenzo
['G4G0', 'G4G1']
sage: idx2.evaluation(4, [2, 'G4G0', -5, 'G4G1'])                    # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 4}
<4 * G4G0>
<-10 * G4G1>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sage: opps_idx2.evaluation(4, [2, 'G4G0', -5, 'G4G1'])               # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 4}
<-4 * G4G0>
<10 * G4G1>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sum(object=None)#

Return a morphism, sum of the morphism self and the morphism(s) given by the parameter object.

INPUT:

object – A KenzoChainComplexMorphism instance, a tuple of KenzoChainComplexMorphism instances or None (default).

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplexMorphism, sum of the morphism self and the morphism(s) given by object (if object is None, self morphism is returned).

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KChainComplex                # optional - kenzo
sage: m1 = matrix(ZZ, 3, 2, [-1, 1, 3, -4, 5, 6])
sage: m4 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 6])
sage: m5 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 3, [2, 2, 2, -1, -1, -1])
sage: sage_chcm = ChainComplex({1: m1, 4: m4, 5: m5}, degree = -1)   # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm = KChainComplex(sage_chcm)                          # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm                                                     # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: idnt = kenzo_chcm.identity_morphism()                          # optional - kenzo
sage: idnt                                                           # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: opps_id = idnt.opposite()                                      # optional - kenzo
sage: opps_id                                                        # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: null = kenzo_chcm.null_morphism()                              # optional - kenzo
sage: null                                                           # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...]
sage: idx2 = idnt.sum(idnt)                                          # optional - kenzo
sage: idx5 = idx2.sum(                                               # optional - kenzo
....:   (opps_id, idnt, idnt, null, idx2.sum(idnt), opps_id))
sage: kenzo_chcm.basis(4)                                            # optional - kenzo
['G4G0', 'G4G1']
sage: idx2.evaluation(4, [2, 'G4G0', -5, 'G4G1'])                    # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 4}
<4 * G4G0>
<-10 * G4G1>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sage: idx5.evaluation(4, [2, 'G4G0', -5, 'G4G1'])                    # optional - kenzo

----------------------------------------------------------------------{CMBN 4}
<10 * G4G0>
<-25 * G4G1>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

target_complex()#

Return the target chain complex of the morphism.

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplex

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KChainComplex                # optional - kenzo
sage: m1 = matrix(ZZ, 3, 2, [-1, 1, 3, -4, 5, 6])
sage: m4 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 6])
sage: m5 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 3, [2, 2, 2, -1, -1, -1])
sage: sage_chcm = ChainComplex({1: m1, 4: m4, 5: m5}, degree = -1)   # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm = KChainComplex(sage_chcm)                          # optional - kenzo
sage: kenzo_chcm                                                     # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: differential_morphism = kenzo_chcm.differential()              # optional - kenzo
sage: differential_morphism                                          # optional - kenzo
[K... Morphism (degree -1): K... -> K...]
sage: differential_morphism.target_complex()                         # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]

class sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoObject(kenzo_object)#

Bases: SageObject

Wrapper to Kenzo objects

INPUT:

kenzo_object – a wrapper around a Kenzo object (which is an ecl object).

class sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoSimplicialGroup(kenzo_object)#

Bases: KenzoSimplicialSet

Wrapper around Kenzo simplicial groups.

classifying_space()#

Return the classifying space.

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSimplicialGroup

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import MooreSpace      # optional - kenzo
sage: m2 = MooreSpace(2,4)                              # optional - kenzo
sage: l2 = m2.loop_space()                              # optional - kenzo
sage: c = l2.classifying_space()                        # optional - kenzo
sage: type(c)                                           # optional - kenzo
<class 'sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoSimplicialGroup'>
sage: [c.homology(i) for i in range(8)]                 # optional - kenzo
[Z, 0, 0, 0, C2, 0, 0, 0]

class sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoSimplicialSet(kenzo_object)#

Bases: KenzoChainComplex

Wrapper to Kenzo simplicial sets.

In Kenzo, the homology of a simplicial set in computed from its associated chain complex. Hence, this class inherits from \(KenzoChainComplex\).

cartesian_product(other)#

Return the cartesian product of self and other.

INPUT:

other – the Kenzo simplicial set with which the product is made

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSimplicialSet

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere    # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                              # optional - kenzo
sage: s3 = Sphere(3)                              # optional - kenzo
sage: p = s2.cartesian_product(s3)                # optional - kenzo
sage: type(p)                                     # optional - kenzo
<class 'sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoSimplicialSet'>
sage: [p.homology(i) for i in range(6)]           # optional - kenzo
[Z, 0, Z, Z, 0, Z]

em_spectral_sequence()#

Return the Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequence of self.

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSpectralSequence

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere # optional - kenzo
sage: S2 = Sphere(2)                           # optional - kenzo
sage: EMS = S2.em_spectral_sequence()          # optional - kenzo
sage: EMS.table(0, -2, 2, -2, 2)               # optional - kenzo
  0   Z   0   0   0
  0   0   0   0   0
  0   0   Z   0   0
  0   0   0   0   0
  0   0   0   0   0

Warning

This method assumes that the underlying space is simply connected. You might get wrong answers if it is not.

homotopy_group(n)#

Return the n’th homotopy group of self

INPUT:

n – the dimension of the homotopy group to be computed

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere      # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                                # optional - kenzo
sage: p = s2.cartesian_product(s2)                  # optional - kenzo
sage: p.homotopy_group(3)                           # optional - kenzo
Multiplicative Abelian group isomorphic to Z x Z

Warning

This method assumes that the underlying space is simply connected. You might get wrong answers if it is not.

join(other)#

Return the join of self and other.

INPUT:

other – the Kenzo simplicial set with which the join is made

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSimplicialSet

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere    # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                              # optional - kenzo
sage: s3 = Sphere(3)                              # optional - kenzo
sage: j = s2.join(s3)                             # optional - kenzo
sage: type(j)                                     # optional - kenzo
<class 'sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoSimplicialSet'>
sage: [j.homology(i) for i in range(6)]           # optional - kenzo
[Z, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

loop_space(n=1)#

Return the n th iterated loop space.

INPUT:

n – (default: 1) the number of times to iterate the loop space construction

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSimplicialGroup

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere    # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                              # optional - kenzo
sage: l2 = s2.loop_space()                        # optional - kenzo
sage: type(l2)                                    # optional - kenzo
<class 'sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoSimplicialGroup'>
sage: l2 = s2.loop_space()                        # optional - kenzo
sage: [l2.homology(i) for i in range(8)]          # optional - kenzo
[Z, Z, Z, Z, Z, Z, Z, Z]

serre_spectral_sequence()#

Return the spectral sequence of self.

The object self must be created as a cartesian product (twisted or not).

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSpectralSequence

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere
sage: S2 = Sphere(2)                            # optional - kenzo
sage: S3 = Sphere(3)                            # optional - kenzo
sage: P = S2.cartesian_product(S3)              # optional - kenzo
sage: E = P.serre_spectral_sequence()           # optional - kenzo
sage: E.table(0, 0, 2, 0, 3)                    # optional - kenzo
  Z   0   Z
  0   0   0
  0   0   0
  Z   0   Z

Warning

This method assumes that the underlying space is simply connected. You might get wrong answers if it is not.

smash_product(other)#

Return the smash product of self and other.

INPUT:

other – the Kenzo simplicial set with which the smash product is made

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSimplicialSet

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere    # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                              # optional - kenzo
sage: s3 = Sphere(3)                              # optional - kenzo
sage: s = s2.smash_product(s3)                    # optional - kenzo
sage: type(s)                                     # optional - kenzo
<class 'sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoSimplicialSet'>
sage: [s.homology(i) for i in range(6)]           # optional - kenzo
[Z, 0, 0, 0, 0, Z]

suspension()#

Return the suspension of the simplicial set.

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSimplicialSet

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import EilenbergMacLaneSpace    # optional - kenzo
sage: e3 = EilenbergMacLaneSpace(ZZ, 3)                          # optional - kenzo
sage: s = e3.suspension()                                        # optional - kenzo
sage: type(s)                                                    # optional - kenzo
<class 'sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoSimplicialSet'>
sage: [s.homology(i) for i in range(6)]                          # optional - kenzo
[Z, 0, 0, 0, Z, 0]

sw_spectral_sequence()#

Return the Serre sequence of the first step of the Whitehead tower.

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSpectralSequence

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere  # optional - kenzo
sage: S3 = Sphere(3)                            # optional - kenzo
sage: E = S3.sw_spectral_sequence()             # optional - kenzo
sage: T = E.table(0, 0, 4, 0, 4)                # optional - kenzo
sage: T                                         # optional - kenzo
  Z   0   0   Z   0
  0   0   0   0   0
  Z   0   0   Z   0
  0   0   0   0   0
  Z   0   0   Z   0

wedge(other)#

Return the wedge of self and other.

INPUT:

other – the Kenzo simplicial set with which the wedge is made

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSimplicialSet

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere    # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                              # optional - kenzo
sage: s3 = Sphere(3)                              # optional - kenzo
sage: w = s2.wedge(s3)                            # optional - kenzo
sage: type(w)                                     # optional - kenzo
<class 'sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoSimplicialSet'>
sage: [w.homology(i) for i in range(6)]           # optional - kenzo
[Z, 0, Z, Z, 0, 0]

class sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoSpectralSequence(kenzo_object)#

Bases: KenzoObject

Wrapper around Kenzo spectral sequences

differential(p, i, j)#

Return the (p, i, j) differential morphism of the spectral sequence.

INPUT:

p – the page.
i – the column of the differential domain.
j – the row of the differential domain.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere   # optional - kenzo
sage: S3 = Sphere(3)                             # optional - kenzo
sage: L = S3.loop_space()                        # optional - kenzo
sage: EMS = L.em_spectral_sequence()             # optional - kenzo
sage: EMS.table(1,-5,-2,5,8)                     # optional - kenzo
  0   Z   Z + Z + Z   Z + Z + Z
  0   0   0           0
  0   0   Z           Z + Z
  0   0   0           0
sage: EMS.matrix(1, -3, 8)                       # optional - kenzo
[ 2 -2  2]
sage: EMS.differential(1, -3, 8)                 # optional - kenzo
Morphism from module over Integer Ring with invariants (0, 0, 0) to module with invariants (0,) that sends the generators to [(2), (-2), (2)]

group(p, i, j)#

Return the i,j’th group of the p page.

INPUT:

p – the page to take the group from.
i – the column where the group is taken from.
j – the row where the group is taken from.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere # optional - kenzo
sage: S2 = Sphere(2)                           # optional - kenzo
sage: EMS = S2.em_spectral_sequence()          # optional - kenzo
sage: EMS.group(0, -1, 2)                      # optional - kenzo
Additive abelian group isomorphic to Z
sage: EMS.group(0, -1, 3)                      # optional - kenzo
Trivial group

matrix(p, i, j)#

Return the matrix that determines the differential from the i,j’th group of the p’th page.

INPUT:

p – the page.
i – the column of the differential domain.
j – the row of the differential domain.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere   # optional - kenzo
sage: S3 = Sphere(3)                             # optional - kenzo
sage: L = S3.loop_space()                        # optional - kenzo
sage: EMS = L.em_spectral_sequence()             # optional - kenzo
sage: EMS.table(1, -5, -2, 5, 8)                 # optional - kenzo
  0   Z   Z + Z + Z   Z + Z + Z
  0   0   0           0
  0   0   Z           Z + Z
  0   0   0           0
sage: EMS.matrix(1, -2 ,8)                       # optional - kenzo
[ 3 -2  0]
[ 3  0 -3]
[ 0  2 -3]

table(p, i1, i2, j1, j2)#

Return a table printing the groups in the p page.

INPUT:

p – the page to print.

– i1 – the first column to print.

– i2 – the last column to print.

– j1 – the first row to print.

– j2 – the last row to print.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere # optional - kenzo
sage: S2 = Sphere(2)                           # optional - kenzo
sage: EMS = S2.em_spectral_sequence()          # optional - kenzo
sage: EMS.table(0, -2, 2, -2, 2)               # optional - kenzo
  0   Z   0   0   0
  0   0   0   0   0
  0   0   Z   0   0
  0   0   0   0   0
  0   0   0   0   0

sage.interfaces.kenzo.MooreSpace(m, n)#

Return the Moore space M(m, n) as a Kenzo simplicial set.

The Moore space M(m, n) is the space whose n’th homology group is isomorphic to the cyclic group of order m, and the rest of the homology groups are trivial.

INPUT:

m – A positive integer. The order of the nontrivial homology group.
n – The dimension in which the homology is not trivial

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSimplicialSet

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import MooreSpace   # optional - kenzo
sage: m24 = MooreSpace(2,4)                          # optional - kenzo
sage: m24                                            # optional - kenzo
[K10 Simplicial-Set]
sage: [m24.homology(i) for i in range(8)]            # optional - kenzo
[Z, 0, 0, 0, C2, 0, 0, 0]

sage.interfaces.kenzo.SAbstractSimplex(simplex, dim)#

Convert an abstract simplex of Kenzo to an AbstractSimplex.

INPUT:

simplex – An abstract simplex of Kenzo.
dim– The dimension of simplex.

OUTPUT:

An AbstractSimplex.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.libs.ecl import EclObject, ecl_eval
sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import (               # optional - kenzo
....:   KenzoObject, SAbstractSimplex)
sage: KAbSm = KenzoObject(ecl_eval("(ABSM 15 'K)"))     # optional - kenzo
sage: SAbSm1 = SAbstractSimplex(KAbSm, 2)               # optional - kenzo
sage: SAbSm2 = SAbstractSimplex(KAbSm, 7)               # optional - kenzo
sage: SAbSm1.degeneracies()                             # optional - kenzo
[3, 2, 1, 0]
sage: SAbSm1.dimension()                                # optional - kenzo
6
sage: SAbSm2.dimension()                                # optional - kenzo
11

sage.interfaces.kenzo.SChainComplex(kchaincomplex, start=0, end=15)#

Convert the KenzoChainComplex kchcm (between dimensions start and end) to a ChainComplex.

INPUT:

kchaincomplex – A KenzoChainComplex
start – An integer number (optional, default 0)
end – An integer number greater than or equal to start (optional, default 15)

OUTPUT:

A ChainComplex

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import KChainComplex, SChainComplex   # optional - kenzo
sage: m1 = matrix(ZZ, 3, 2, [-1, 1, 3, -4, 5, 6])
sage: m4 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 6])
sage: m5 = matrix(ZZ, 2, 3, [2, 2, 2, -1, -1, -1])
sage: sage_chcm = ChainComplex({1: m1, 4: m4, 5: m5}, degree = -1)     # optional - kenzo
sage: SChainComplex(KChainComplex(sage_chcm)) == sage_chcm             # optional - kenzo
True

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import SChainComplex, Sphere     # optional - kenzo
sage: S4 = Sphere(4)                       # optional - kenzo
sage: C = SChainComplex(S4)                # optional - kenzo
sage: C                                    # optional - kenzo
Chain complex with at most 3 nonzero terms over Integer Ring
sage: C._ascii_art_()                      # optional - kenzo
0 <-- C_4 <-- 0  ...  0 <-- C_0 <-- 0
sage: [C.homology(i) for i in range(6)]    # optional - kenzo
[Z, 0, 0, 0, Z, 0]

sage.interfaces.kenzo.SFiniteSimplicialSet(ksimpset, limit)#

Convert the limit-skeleton of a finite simplicial set in Kenzo to a finite SimplicialSet in Sage.

INPUT:

ksimpset – A finite simplicial set in Kenzo.
limit – A natural number.

OUTPUT:

A finite SimplicialSet.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.topology.simplicial_set import SimplicialSet
sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import (                   # optional - kenzo
....:   AbstractSimplex, KFiniteSimplicialSet,
....:   SFiniteSimplicialSet, Sphere)
sage: s0 = AbstractSimplex(0, name='s0')                    # optional - kenzo
sage: s1 = AbstractSimplex(0, name='s1')                    # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = AbstractSimplex(0, name='s2')                    # optional - kenzo
sage: s01 = AbstractSimplex(1, name='s01')                  # optional - kenzo
sage: s02 = AbstractSimplex(1, name='s02')                  # optional - kenzo
sage: s12 = AbstractSimplex(1, name='s12')                  # optional - kenzo
sage: s012 = AbstractSimplex(2, name='s012')                # optional - kenzo
sage: Triangle = SimplicialSet({s01: (s1, s0),              # optional - kenzo
....:                           s02: (s2, s0),
....:                           s12: (s2, s1)},
....:                          base_point = s0)
sage: KTriangle = KFiniteSimplicialSet(Triangle)            # optional - kenzo
sage: STriangle = SFiniteSimplicialSet(KTriangle, 1)        # optional - kenzo
sage: STriangle.homology()                                  # optional - kenzo
{0: 0, 1: Z}
sage: S1 = simplicial_sets.Sphere(1)                        # optional - kenzo
sage: S3 = simplicial_sets.Sphere(3)                        # optional - kenzo
sage: KS1vS3 = KFiniteSimplicialSet(S1.wedge(S3))           # optional - kenzo
sage: SS1vS3 = SFiniteSimplicialSet(KS1vS3, 3)              # optional - kenzo
sage: SS1vS3.homology()                                     # optional - kenzo
{0: 0, 1: Z, 2: 0, 3: Z}

sage.interfaces.kenzo.Sphere(n)#

Return the n dimensional sphere as a Kenzo simplicial set.

INPUT:

n – the dimension of the sphere

OUTPUT:

A KenzoSimplicialSet

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import Sphere # optional - kenzo
sage: s2 = Sphere(2)                           # optional - kenzo
sage: s2                                       # optional - kenzo
[K1 Simplicial-Set]
sage: [s2.homology(i) for i in range(8)]       # optional - kenzo
[Z, 0, Z, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

sage.interfaces.kenzo.build_morphism(source_complex, target_complex, degree, algorithm, strategy, orgn)#

Build a morphism of chain complexes by means of the corresponding build-mrph Kenzo function.

INPUT:

source_complex – The source object as a KenzoChainComplex instance
target_complex – The target object as a KenzoChainComplex instance
degree – An integer number representing the degree of the morphism
algorithm – A Lisp function defining the mapping (:intr slot in Kenzo)
strategy – The strategy (:strt slot in Kenzo), which must be one of the two strings gnrt or cmbn, depending if the algorithm (a Lisp function) uses as arguments a degree and a generator or a combination, respectively.
orgn – A list containing a description about the origin of the morphism

OUTPUT:

A KenzoChainComplexMorphism

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import (KenzoChainComplex,
....:                                    build_morphism)
sage: from sage.libs.ecl import ecl_eval
sage: ZCC = KenzoChainComplex(ecl_eval("(z-chcm)"))             # optional - kenzo
sage: A = build_morphism(                                       # optional - kenzo
....:   ZCC, ZCC, -1,
....:   ecl_eval("#'(lambda (comb) (cmbn (1- (degr comb))))"),
....:   "cmbn", ["zero morphism on ZCC"])
sage: A.target_complex()                                        # optional - kenzo
[K... Chain-Complex]
sage: A.degree()                                                # optional - kenzo
-1
sage: type(A)                                                   # optional - kenzo
<class 'sage.interfaces.kenzo.KenzoChainComplexMorphism'>

sage.interfaces.kenzo.k2s_matrix(kmatrix)#

Convert an array of ECL to a matrix of Sage.

INPUT:

kmatrix – An array in ECL

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import k2s_matrix         # optional - kenzo
sage: from sage.libs.ecl import EclObject
sage: M = EclObject("#2A((1 2 3) (3 2 1) (1 1 1))")
sage: k2s_matrix(M)                                        # optional - kenzo
[1 2 3]
[3 2 1]
[1 1 1]

sage.interfaces.kenzo.morphism_dictmat(morphism)#

Computes a list of matrices in ECL associated to a morphism in Sage.

INPUT:

morphism – A morphism of chain complexes

OUTPUT:

A EclObject

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import morphism_dictmat    # optional - kenzo
sage: X = simplicial_complexes.Simplex(1)
sage: Y = simplicial_complexes.Simplex(0)
sage: g = Hom(X,Y)({0:0, 1:0})
sage: f = g.associated_chain_complex_morphism()
sage: morphism_dictmat(f)                                   # optional - kenzo
<ECL: ((2 . #2A()) (1 . #2A()) (0 . #2A((1 1))))>

sage.interfaces.kenzo.pairing(slist)#

Convert a list of Sage (which has an even length) to an assoc list in ECL.

INPUT:

slist – A list in Sage

OUTPUT:

A EclObject

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import pairing   # optional - kenzo
sage: l = [1,2,3]
sage: pairing(l)                                  # optional - kenzo
<ECL: ((2 . 3))>

sage.interfaces.kenzo.s2k_dictmat(sdictmat)#

Convert a dictionary in Sage, whose values are matrices, to an assoc list in ECL.

INPUT:

sdictmat – A dictionary in Sage

OUTPUT:

A EclObject

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import s2k_dictmat   # optional - kenzo
sage: A = Matrix([[1,2,3],[3,2,1],[1,1,1]])
sage: B = Matrix([[1,2],[2,1],[1,1]])
sage: d = {1 : A, 2 : B}
sage: s2k_dictmat(d)                                  # optional - kenzo
<ECL: ((2 . #2A((1 2) (2 1) (1 1))) (1 . #2A((1 2 3) (3 2 1) (1 1 1))))>

sage.interfaces.kenzo.s2k_listofmorphisms(l)#

Computes a list of morphisms of chain complexes in Kenzo from a list of morphisms in Sage.

INPUT:

l – A list of morphisms of chain complexes

OUTPUT:

A EclObject

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import s2k_listofmorphisms  # optional - kenzo
sage: C1 = ChainComplex({1: matrix(ZZ, 0, 2, [])}, degree_of_differential=-1)
sage: C2 = ChainComplex({1: matrix(ZZ, 1, 2, [1, 0])},degree_of_differential=-1)
sage: C3 = ChainComplex({0: matrix(ZZ, 0,2 , [])},degree_of_differential=-1)
sage: M1 = Hom(C2,C1)({1: matrix(ZZ, 2, 2, [2, 0, 0, 2])})
sage: M2 = Hom(C3,C2)({0: matrix(ZZ, 1, 2, [2, 0])})
sage: l = [M1, M2]
sage: s2k_listofmorphisms(l)                                 # optional - kenzo
<ECL: ([K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...] [K... Morphism (degree 0): K... -> K...])>

sage.interfaces.kenzo.s2k_matrix(smatrix)#

Convert a matrix of Sage to an array of ECL.

INPUT:

smatrix – A matrix in Sage

OUTPUT:

A EclObject

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.interfaces.kenzo import s2k_matrix      # optional - kenzo
sage: A = Matrix([[1,2,3],[3,2,1],[1,1,1]])
sage: s2k_matrix(A)                                     # optional - kenzo
<ECL: #2A((1 2 3) (3 2 1) (1 1 1))>