Standalone LaTeX Document class and TikzPicture

This module contains two Python classes. Firstly, it contains a class Standalone to represent a LaTeX file using the standalone document class.

From its documentation:

The standalone bundle allows users to easily place picture environments or other material in own source files and compile these on their own or as part of a main document. A special standalone class is provided for use with such files, which by default crops the resulting output file to the content. The standalone package enables the user to simply load the standalone files using ``input`` inside a main document.

Secondly, it contains a class TikzPicture which inherits from Standalone that represents a LaTeX file using the standalone document class and containing a tikzpicture.

A Python Module for PGF/Tikz pictures. A TikzPicture object is created from a string starting with r'\begin{tikzpicture}' and ending with r'\end{tikzpicture}'.

The module allows to convert a standalone LaTeX document class file, including tikzpictures, to an image. It allows conversion to pdf, png and svg formats. It also show them automatically in Jupyter using rich representation.

According to wikipedia, PGF/TikZ is a pair of languages for producing vector graphics (e.g., technical illustrations and drawings) from a geometric/algebraic description, with standard features including the drawing of points, lines, arrows, paths, circles, ellipses and polygons.

EXAMPLES:

Standalone LaTeX document class

First Hello World example:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: Standalone('Hello World')
\documentclass{standalone}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> Standalone('Hello World')
\documentclass{standalone}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}

Loading a few latex packages:

sage: Standalone('Hello World', usepackage=['amsmath', 'amsfont'])
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfont}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> Standalone('Hello World', usepackage=['amsmath', 'amsfont'])
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfont}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}

Setting few standalone options (see documentation of standalone for a complete list):

sage: Standalone('Hello World', standalone_config=["border=4mm", "beamer=true"])
\documentclass{standalone}
\standaloneconfig{border=4mm}
\standaloneconfig{beamer=true}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> Standalone('Hello World', standalone_config=["border=4mm", "beamer=true"])
\documentclass{standalone}
\standaloneconfig{border=4mm}
\standaloneconfig{beamer=true}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}

Adding your own list of macros:

sage: Standalone('Hello World', macros=[r'\newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbb{Z}}'])
\documentclass{standalone}
\newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbb{Z}}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> Standalone('Hello World', macros=[r'\newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbb{Z}}'])
\documentclass{standalone}
\newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbb{Z}}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}

It provides conversion to images of different format:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: s = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: _ = s.pdf()    # not tested
sage: _ = s.png()    # not tested
sage: _ = s.svg()    # not tested
sage: s              # not tested, in Jupyter, this shows the image directly below the cell

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> s = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> _ = s.pdf()    # not tested
>>> _ = s.png()    # not tested
>>> _ = s.svg()    # not tested
>>> s              # not tested, in Jupyter, this shows the image directly below the cell

TikzPicture

This module also contains a class TikzPicture which inherits from Standalone to represent more specifically a tikzpicture which is within a standalone document class.

First construct a string describing a tikzpicture:

sage: lines = []
sage: lines.append(r'\begin{tikzpicture}')
sage: lines.append(r'\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);')
sage: lines.append(r'\end{tikzpicture}')
sage: s = '\n'.join(lines)
sage: print(s)
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> lines = []
>>> lines.append(r'\begin{tikzpicture}')
>>> lines.append(r'\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);')
>>> lines.append(r'\end{tikzpicture}')
>>> s = '\n'.join(lines)
>>> print(s)
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}

One may provide it as input to TikzPicture:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: t = TikzPicture(s)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> t = TikzPicture(s)

In the terminal, the following shows the content of the standalone document class tex file which contains the tikzpicture. In Jupyter, it shows the picture itself:

sage: t
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> t
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

As it is the case for Standalone, the constructor of TikzPicture has many arguments allowing for example to add some more \usepackage lines:

sage: t = TikzPicture(s, usepackage=['amsmath'])
sage: t
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> t = TikzPicture(s, usepackage=['amsmath'])
>>> t
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Moreover, it allows to load some tikz libraries:

sage: t = TikzPicture(s, usetikzlibrary=['arrows'])
sage: t
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> t = TikzPicture(s, usetikzlibrary=['arrows'])
>>> t
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

The following example illustrates that it works when providing the tikzpicture code generated by Sage from some polyhedron:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: V = [[1,0,1], [1,0,0], [1,1,0], [0,0,-1],
....:      [0,1,0], [-1,0,0], [0,1,1], [0,0,1], [0,-1,0]]
sage: P = Polyhedron(vertices=V).polar()                                            # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron
sage: s1 = P.projection().tikz([674,108,-731],112, output_type='LatexExpr')         # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot
sage: t1 = TikzPicture(s1)                                                          # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> V = [[Integer(1),Integer(0),Integer(1)], [Integer(1),Integer(0),Integer(0)], [Integer(1),Integer(1),Integer(0)], [Integer(0),Integer(0),-Integer(1)],
...      [Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0)], [-Integer(1),Integer(0),Integer(0)], [Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(1)], [Integer(0),Integer(0),Integer(1)], [Integer(0),-Integer(1),Integer(0)]]
>>> P = Polyhedron(vertices=V).polar()                                            # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron
>>> s1 = P.projection().tikz([Integer(674),Integer(108),-Integer(731)],Integer(112), output_type='LatexExpr')         # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot
>>> t1 = TikzPicture(s1)                                                          # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot

Open the image in a viewer (the returned value is a string giving the absolute path to the file in some temporary directory):

sage: path_to_file = t1.pdf()               # not tested                            # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> path_to_file = t1.pdf()               # not tested                            # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot

Instead, you may save a pdf of the tikzpicture into a file of your choice (but this does not open the viewer):

sage: _ = t1.pdf('tikz_polytope.pdf')       # not tested                            # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> _ = t1.pdf('tikz_polytope.pdf')       # not tested                            # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot

Opening the image in a viewer can be turned off:

sage: _ = t1.pdf(view=False)                # long time (2s), optional - latex, needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> _ = t1.pdf(view=False)                # long time (2s), optional - latex, needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot

The same can be done with png format (translated from pdf with convert command which needs the installation of imagemagick):

sage: _ = t1.png(view=False)                # long time (2s), optional - imagemagick latex, needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> _ = t1.png(view=False)                # long time (2s), optional - imagemagick latex, needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot

The string representation gives the header (5 lines) and tail (5 lines) of the tikzpicture. In Jupyter, it will instead use rich representation and show the image directly below the cell in png or svg format:

sage: t1                                                                            # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}%
        [x={(0.249656cm, -0.577639cm)},
        y={(0.777700cm, -0.358578cm)},
        z={(-0.576936cm, -0.733318cm)},
...
\node[vertex] at (0.00000, -1.00000, 0.00000)     {};
\node[vertex] at (-0.50000, -0.50000, -0.50000)     {};
%%
%%
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> t1                                                                            # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}%
        [x={(0.249656cm, -0.577639cm)},
        y={(0.777700cm, -0.358578cm)},
        z={(-0.576936cm, -0.733318cm)},
...
\node[vertex] at (0.00000, -1.00000, 0.00000)     {};
\node[vertex] at (-0.50000, -0.50000, -0.50000)     {};
%%
%%
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Use print(t) to see the complete content of the file:

sage: print(t1)                             # not tested                            # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> print(t1)                             # not tested                            # needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.plot

Adding a border in the options avoids cropping the vertices of a graph:

sage: # needs sage.graphs
sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
sage: s2 = latex(g)   # takes 3s but the result is cached           # optional - latex
sage: t2 = TikzPicture(s2, standalone_config=["border=4mm"],        # optional - latex
....:                  usepackage=['tkz-graph'])
sage: _ = t2.pdf()                          # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.graphs
>>> g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
>>> s2 = latex(g)   # takes 3s but the result is cached           # optional - latex
>>> t2 = TikzPicture(s2, standalone_config=["border=4mm"],        # optional - latex
...                  usepackage=['tkz-graph'])
>>> _ = t2.pdf()                          # not tested

The current latex representation of a transducer is a tikzpicture using the tikz library automata. The string can be used as input:

sage: # needs sage.graphs sage.modules
sage: s3 = latex(transducers.GrayCode())
sage: t3 = TikzPicture(s3, usetikzlibrary=['automata'])
sage: _ = t3.pdf(view=False)                # long time (2s)        # optional - latex

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.graphs sage.modules
>>> s3 = latex(transducers.GrayCode())
>>> t3 = TikzPicture(s3, usetikzlibrary=['automata'])
>>> _ = t3.pdf(view=False)                # long time (2s)        # optional - latex

AUTHORS:

  • Sébastien Labbé, initial version in slabbe-0.2.spkg, nov 2015.

  • Sébastien Labbé, inclusion into SageMath from slabbe-0.6.2, July 2021.

class sage.misc.latex_standalone.Standalone(content, document_class_options=None, standalone_config=None, usepackage=None, macros=None, use_sage_preamble=False)[source]

Bases: SageObject

LaTeX standalone document class.

INPUT:

  • content – string; the content to be added in the document between lines r'\begin{document}' and r'\end{document}'

  • document_class_options – list of strings (default: []); latex document class standalone options. Such options appear on the line \documentclass[...]{standalone} between the brackets.

  • standalone_config – list of strings (default: []); standalone configuration options. Such options are defined with \standaloneconfig{...}.

  • usepackage – list of strings (default: []); latex packages

  • macros – list of strings (default: []); stuff you need for the picture

  • use_sage_preamble – boolean (default: False); whether to include sage latex preamble and sage latex macros, that is, the content of sage.misc.latex.extra_preamble(), sage.misc.latex.extra_macros() and sage.misc.latex_macros.sage_latex_macros()

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: content = "\\section{Intro}\nTest\n"
sage: t = Standalone(content)
sage: t
\documentclass{standalone}
\begin{document}
\section{Intro}
Test
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> content = "\\section{Intro}\nTest\n"
>>> t = Standalone(content)
>>> t
\documentclass{standalone}
\begin{document}
\section{Intro}
Test
\end{document}


sage: t = Standalone(content, standalone_config=["border=4mm"],
....:                usepackage=['amsmath'])
sage: t
\documentclass{standalone}
\standaloneconfig{border=4mm}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\section{Intro}
Test
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> t = Standalone(content, standalone_config=["border=4mm"],
...                usepackage=['amsmath'])
>>> t
\documentclass{standalone}
\standaloneconfig{border=4mm}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\section{Intro}
Test
\end{document}
add_document_class_option(option)[source]

Add a document class option.

INPUT:

  • option – string

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: t = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: t.add_document_class_option('beamer')
sage: t
\documentclass[beamer]{standalone}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> t = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> t.add_document_class_option('beamer')
>>> t
\documentclass[beamer]{standalone}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}
add_macro(macro)[source]

Add a macro.

INPUT:

  • macro – string, newcommand line

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: t = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: t.add_macro(r'\newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbb{Z}}')
sage: t
\documentclass{standalone}
\newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbb{Z}}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> t = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> t.add_macro(r'\newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbb{Z}}')
>>> t
\documentclass{standalone}
\newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbb{Z}}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}
add_standalone_config(config)[source]

Add a standalone config.

INPUT:

  • config – string

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: t = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: t.add_standalone_config("border=4mm")
sage: t
\documentclass{standalone}
\standaloneconfig{border=4mm}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> t = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> t.add_standalone_config("border=4mm")
>>> t
\documentclass{standalone}
\standaloneconfig{border=4mm}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}
add_usepackage(package)[source]

Add a usepackage line.

INPUT:

  • package – string, name of package

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: t = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: t.add_usepackage('amsmath')
sage: t
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> t = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> t.add_usepackage('amsmath')
>>> t
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
Hello World
\end{document}
content()[source]

Return the content of the standalone document class file.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: t = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: t.content()
'Hello World'

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> t = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> t.content()
'Hello World'


sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
sage: t = TikzPicture(s)
sage: print(t.content())
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
>>> t = TikzPicture(s)
>>> print(t.content())
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
dvi(filename=None, view=True, program='latex')[source]

Compile the latex code with latex and create a dvi file.

INPUT:

  • filename – string (default: None); the output filename. If None, it saves the file in a temporary directory

  • view – boolean (default: True); whether to open the file in a dvi viewer. This option is ignored and automatically set to False if filename is not None.

  • program – string (default: 'latex'); 'latex'

OUTPUT: string, path to dvi file

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: t = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: _ = t.dvi(view=False)                 # long time (1s)    # optional - latex

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> t = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> _ = t.dvi(view=False)                 # long time (1s)    # optional - latex

Same for instances of TikzPicture:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
sage: t = TikzPicture(s)
sage: _ = t.dvi(view=False)                 # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
>>> t = TikzPicture(s)
>>> _ = t.dvi(view=False)                 # not tested

A filename may be provided where to save the file, in which case the viewer does not open the file:

sage: from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
sage: filename = tmp_filename('temp','.dvi')
sage: path_to_file = t.dvi(filename)        # long time (1s)    # optional - latex
sage: path_to_file[-4:]                     # long time (fast)  # optional - latex
'.dvi'

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
>>> filename = tmp_filename('temp','.dvi')
>>> path_to_file = t.dvi(filename)        # long time (1s)    # optional - latex
>>> path_to_file[-Integer(4):]                     # long time (fast)  # optional - latex
'.dvi'

The filename may contain spaces:

sage: filename = tmp_filename('filename with spaces','.dvi')
sage: path_to_file = t.dvi(filename)        # long time (1s)    # optional - latex

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> filename = tmp_filename('filename with spaces','.dvi')
>>> path_to_file = t.dvi(filename)        # long time (1s)    # optional - latex
eps(filename=None, view=True, program='dvips')[source]

Compile the latex code with pdflatex and converts to a eps file.

INPUT:

  • filename – string (default: None); the output filename. If None, it saves the file in a temporary directory

  • view – boolean (default: True); whether to open the file in a browser. This option is ignored and automatically set to False if filename is not None.

  • program – string (default: 'dvips'); 'pdftocairo' or 'dvips'

OUTPUT: string, path to eps file

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: t = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: _ = t.eps(view=False)     # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> t = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> _ = t.eps(view=False)     # not tested

Same for instances of TikzPicture:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
sage: t = TikzPicture(s)
sage: _ = t.eps(view=False)     # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
>>> t = TikzPicture(s)
>>> _ = t.eps(view=False)     # not tested

We test the creation of the files:

sage: from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
sage: filename = tmp_filename('temp', '.eps')
sage: path_to_file = t.eps(filename,            # long time (1s)    # optional - latex dvips
....:                      program='dvips')
sage: path_to_file[-4:]                         # long time (fast)  # optional - latex dvips
'.eps'
sage: path_to_file = t.eps(filename,            # long time (1s)    # optional - latex pdftocairo
....:                      program='pdftocairo')
sage: path_to_file[-4:]                         # long time (fast)  # optional - latex pdftocairo
'.eps'

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
>>> filename = tmp_filename('temp', '.eps')
>>> path_to_file = t.eps(filename,            # long time (1s)    # optional - latex dvips
...                      program='dvips')
>>> path_to_file[-Integer(4):]                         # long time (fast)  # optional - latex dvips
'.eps'
>>> path_to_file = t.eps(filename,            # long time (1s)    # optional - latex pdftocairo
...                      program='pdftocairo')
>>> path_to_file[-Integer(4):]                         # long time (fast)  # optional - latex pdftocairo
'.eps'
pdf(filename=None, view=True, program=None)[source]

Compile the latex code with pdflatex and create a pdf file.

INPUT:

  • filename – string (default: None); the output filename. If None, it saves the file in a temporary directory.

  • view – boolean (default: True); whether to open the file in a pdf viewer. This option is ignored and automatically set to False if filename is not None.

  • program – string (default: None); 'pdflatex' or 'lualatex'. If None, it uses 'lualatex' if it is available, otherwise 'pdflatex'.

OUTPUT: string, path to pdf file

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: t = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: _ = t.pdf(view=False)                 # long time (1s)    # optional - latex

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> t = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> _ = t.pdf(view=False)                 # long time (1s)    # optional - latex

Same for instances of TikzPicture:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
sage: t = TikzPicture(s)
sage: _ = t.pdf(view=False)                 # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
>>> t = TikzPicture(s)
>>> _ = t.pdf(view=False)                 # not tested

A filename may be provided where to save the file, in which case the viewer does not open the file:

sage: from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
sage: filename = tmp_filename('temp','.pdf')
sage: path_to_file = t.pdf(filename)        # long time (1s)    # optional - latex
sage: path_to_file[-4:]                     # long time (fast)  # optional - latex
'.pdf'

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
>>> filename = tmp_filename('temp','.pdf')
>>> path_to_file = t.pdf(filename)        # long time (1s)    # optional - latex
>>> path_to_file[-Integer(4):]                     # long time (fast)  # optional - latex
'.pdf'

The filename may contain spaces:

sage: filename = tmp_filename('filename with spaces','.pdf')
sage: path_to_file = t.pdf(filename)        # long time (1s)    # optional - latex

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> filename = tmp_filename('filename with spaces','.pdf')
>>> path_to_file = t.pdf(filename)        # long time (1s)    # optional - latex
png(filename=None, density=150, view=True)[source]

Compile the latex code with pdflatex and converts to a png file.

INPUT:

  • filename – string (default: None); the output filename. If None, it saves the file in a temporary directory.

  • density – integer (default: 150); horizontal and vertical density of the image

  • view – boolean (default: True); whether to open the file in a png viewer. This option is ignored and automatically set to False if filename is not None.

OUTPUT: string, path to png file

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: t = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: _ = t.png(view=False)             # long time (1s)    # optional - latex imagemagick

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> t = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> _ = t.png(view=False)             # long time (1s)    # optional - latex imagemagick

Same for instances of TikzPicture:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
sage: t = TikzPicture(s)
sage: _ = t.png(view=False)             # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
>>> t = TikzPicture(s)
>>> _ = t.png(view=False)             # not tested


sage: from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
sage: filename = tmp_filename('temp','.png')
sage: path_to_file = t.png(filename)    # long time (1s)    # optional - latex imagemagick
sage: path_to_file[-4:]                 # long time (fast)  # optional - latex imagemagick
'.png'

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
>>> filename = tmp_filename('temp','.png')
>>> path_to_file = t.png(filename)    # long time (1s)    # optional - latex imagemagick
>>> path_to_file[-Integer(4):]                 # long time (fast)  # optional - latex imagemagick
'.png'
save(filename, **kwds)[source]

Save the graphics to an image file.

INPUT:

  • filename – string. The filename and the image format given by the extension, which can be one of the following:

    • .pdf,

    • .png,

    • .svg,

    • .eps,

    • .dvi,

    • .sobj (for a Sage object you can load later),

    • empty extension will be treated as .sobj.

All other keyword arguments will be passed to the plotter.

OUTPUT: none

Note

This method follows the signature of the method sage.plot.Graphics.save() in order to be compatible with with sagetex. In particular so that \sageplot{t} written in a tex file works when t is an instance of Standalone or TikzPicture.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: t = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: filename = tmp_filename('temp','.pdf')
sage: t.save(filename)                          # long time (1s)    # optional - latex
sage: filename = tmp_filename('temp','.eps')
sage: t.save(filename)                          # long time (1s)    # optional - latex dvips

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> t = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> filename = tmp_filename('temp','.pdf')
>>> t.save(filename)                          # long time (1s)    # optional - latex
>>> filename = tmp_filename('temp','.eps')
>>> t.save(filename)                          # long time (1s)    # optional - latex dvips
svg(filename=None, view=True, program='pdftocairo')[source]

Compile the latex code with pdflatex and converts to a svg file.

INPUT:

  • filename – string (default: None); the output filename. If None, it saves the file in a temporary directory.

  • view – boolean (default: True); whether to open the file in a browser. This option is ignored and automatically set to False if filename is not None.

  • program – string (default: 'pdftocairo'); 'pdftocairo' or 'pdf2svg'

OUTPUT: string, path to svg file

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: t = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: _ = t.svg(view=False)     # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> t = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> _ = t.svg(view=False)     # not tested

Same for instances of TikzPicture:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
sage: t = TikzPicture(s)
sage: _ = t.svg(view=False)     # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
>>> t = TikzPicture(s)
>>> _ = t.svg(view=False)     # not tested


sage: from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
sage: filename = tmp_filename('temp', '.svg')
sage: path_to_file = t.svg(filename,            # long time (1s)    # optional - latex pdf2svg
....:                      program='pdf2svg')
sage: path_to_file[-4:]                         # long time (fast)  # optional - latex pdf2svg
'.svg'
sage: path_to_file = t.svg(filename,            # long time (1s)    # optional - latex pdftocairo
....:                      program='pdftocairo')
sage: path_to_file[-4:]                         # long time (fast)  # optional - latex pdftocairo
'.svg'

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
>>> filename = tmp_filename('temp', '.svg')
>>> path_to_file = t.svg(filename,            # long time (1s)    # optional - latex pdf2svg
...                      program='pdf2svg')
>>> path_to_file[-Integer(4):]                         # long time (fast)  # optional - latex pdf2svg
'.svg'
>>> path_to_file = t.svg(filename,            # long time (1s)    # optional - latex pdftocairo
...                      program='pdftocairo')
>>> path_to_file[-Integer(4):]                         # long time (fast)  # optional - latex pdftocairo
'.svg'
tex(filename=None, content_only=False, include_header=None)[source]

Writes the latex code to a file.

INPUT:

  • filename – string (default: None); the output filename. If None, it saves the file in a temporary directory.

  • content_only – boolean (default: False); whether to include the header latex part. If True, it prints only the content to the file.

OUTPUT: string, path to tex file

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
sage: t = Standalone('Hello World')
sage: _ = t.tex()
sage: _ = t.tex(content_only=True)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import Standalone
>>> t = Standalone('Hello World')
>>> _ = t.tex()
>>> _ = t.tex(content_only=True)

Same for instances of TikzPicture:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
sage: t = TikzPicture(s)
sage: _ = t.tex()
sage: _ = t.tex(content_only=True)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
>>> t = TikzPicture(s)
>>> _ = t.tex()
>>> _ = t.tex(content_only=True)

Write to a given filename:

sage: from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
sage: filename = tmp_filename('temp','.tex')
sage: path_to_file = t.tex(filename)
sage: path_to_file[-4:]
'.tex'

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename
>>> filename = tmp_filename('temp','.tex')
>>> path_to_file = t.tex(filename)
>>> path_to_file[-Integer(4):]
'.tex'
class sage.misc.latex_standalone.TikzPicture(content, standalone_config=None, usepackage=None, usetikzlibrary=None, macros=None, use_sage_preamble=False)[source]

Bases: Standalone

A TikzPicture embedded in a LaTeX standalone document class.

INPUT:

  • content – string, tikzpicture code starting with r'\begin{tikzpicture}' and ending with r'\end{tikzpicture}'

  • standalone_config – list of strings (default: []); latex document class standalone configuration options

  • usepackage – list of strings (default: []); latex packages

  • usetikzlibrary – list of strings (default: []); tikz libraries to use

  • macros – list of strings (default: []); stuff you need for the picture

  • use_sage_preamble – boolean (default: False); whether to include sage latex preamble and sage latex macros, that is, the content of sage.misc.latex.extra_preamble(), sage.misc.latex.extra_macros() and sage.misc.latex_macros.sage_latex_macros()

EXAMPLES:

Create your own tikz string from scratch and provide it:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: lines = []
sage: lines.append(r'\begin{tikzpicture}')
sage: lines.append(r'\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);')
sage: lines.append(r'\end{tikzpicture}')
sage: s = '\n'.join(lines)
sage: t = TikzPicture(s)
sage: t
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> lines = []
>>> lines.append(r'\begin{tikzpicture}')
>>> lines.append(r'\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);')
>>> lines.append(r'\end{tikzpicture}')
>>> s = '\n'.join(lines)
>>> t = TikzPicture(s)
>>> t
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,orange,->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Then use it by exporting the tikzpicture to other formats, all of the below methods return a string providing the path to the filename, which is by default in a temporary folder:

sage: # not tested
sage: _ = t.pdf()
sage: _ = t.png()
sage: _ = t.svg()
sage: _ = t.tex()
sage: _ = t.pdf(filename='abc.pdf')

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # not tested
>>> _ = t.pdf()
>>> _ = t.png()
>>> _ = t.svg()
>>> _ = t.tex()
>>> _ = t.pdf(filename='abc.pdf')

Here we create a tikzpicture for the latex representation of a graph. This is using tkz-graph tex library:

sage: # needs sage.graphs
sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
sage: s = latex(g)                                              # optional - latex
sage: t = TikzPicture(s, standalone_config=["border=4mm"],      # optional - latex
....:                 usepackage=['tkz-graph'])
sage: _ = t.pdf(view=False)                     # long time (2s), optional - latex latex_package_tkz_graph

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.graphs
>>> g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
>>> s = latex(g)                                              # optional - latex
>>> t = TikzPicture(s, standalone_config=["border=4mm"],      # optional - latex
...                 usepackage=['tkz-graph'])
>>> _ = t.pdf(view=False)                     # long time (2s), optional - latex latex_package_tkz_graph

Here are standalone configurations, packages, tikz libraries and macros that can be set:

sage: options = ['preview', 'border=4mm', 'beamer', 'float']
sage: usepackage = ['nicefrac', 'amsmath', 'pifont', 'tikz-3dplot',
....:    'pgfplots']
sage: tikzlib = ['arrows', 'snakes', 'backgrounds', 'patterns',
....:      'matrix', 'shapes', 'fit', 'calc', 'shadows', 'plotmarks',
....:      'positioning', 'pgfplots.groupplots', 'mindmap']
sage: macros = [r'\newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbb{Z}}']
sage: s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
sage: t = TikzPicture(s, standalone_config=options, usepackage=usepackage,
....:        usetikzlibrary=tikzlib, macros=macros)
sage: _ = t.pdf(view=False)                     # long time (2s), optional - latex

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> options = ['preview', 'border=4mm', 'beamer', 'float']
>>> usepackage = ['nicefrac', 'amsmath', 'pifont', 'tikz-3dplot',
...    'pgfplots']
>>> tikzlib = ['arrows', 'snakes', 'backgrounds', 'patterns',
...      'matrix', 'shapes', 'fit', 'calc', 'shadows', 'plotmarks',
...      'positioning', 'pgfplots.groupplots', 'mindmap']
>>> macros = [r'\newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbb{Z}}']
>>> s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
>>> t = TikzPicture(s, standalone_config=options, usepackage=usepackage,
...        usetikzlibrary=tikzlib, macros=macros)
>>> _ = t.pdf(view=False)                     # long time (2s), optional - latex
add_usetikzlibrary(library)[source]

Add a usetikzlibrary line.

INPUT:

  • library – string, name of library

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
sage: t = TikzPicture(s)
sage: t.add_usetikzlibrary('arrows')
sage: t
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
>>> t = TikzPicture(s)
>>> t.add_usetikzlibrary('arrows')
>>> t
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
classmethod from_dot_string(dotdata, prog='dot')[source]

Convert a graph to a tikzpicture using graphviz and dot2tex.

Note

Prerequisite: dot2tex optional Sage package and graphviz must be installed.

INPUT:

  • dotdata – dot format string

  • prog – string (default: 'dot'); the program used for the layout corresponding to one of the software of the graphviz suite: 'dot', 'neato', 'twopi', 'circo' or 'fdp'

EXAMPLES:

sage: # needs sage.graphs
sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: G = graphs.PetersenGraph()
sage: dotdata = G.graphviz_string()
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_dot_string(dotdata)   # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
sage: _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.graphs
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> G = graphs.PetersenGraph()
>>> dotdata = G.graphviz_string()
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_dot_string(dotdata)   # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
>>> _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested


sage: # needs sage.graphs
sage: dotdata = G.graphviz_string(labels='latex')
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_dot_string(dotdata)   # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
sage: _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.graphs
>>> dotdata = G.graphviz_string(labels='latex')
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_dot_string(dotdata)   # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
>>> _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested


sage: # needs sage.combinat sage.graphs sage.groups
sage: W = CoxeterGroup(["A",2])
sage: G = W.cayley_graph()
sage: dotdata = G.graphviz_string()
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_dot_string(dotdata)   # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
sage: _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.combinat sage.graphs sage.groups
>>> W = CoxeterGroup(["A",Integer(2)])
>>> G = W.cayley_graph()
>>> dotdata = G.graphviz_string()
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_dot_string(dotdata)   # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
>>> _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested


sage: # needs sage.combinat sage.graphs sage.groups
sage: dotdata = G.graphviz_string(labels='latex')
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_dot_string(dotdata)   # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
sage: _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.combinat sage.graphs sage.groups
>>> dotdata = G.graphviz_string(labels='latex')
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_dot_string(dotdata)   # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
>>> _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested
classmethod from_graph(graph, merge_multiedges=True, merge_label_function=<class 'tuple'>, **kwds)[source]

Convert a graph to a tikzpicture using graphviz and dot2tex.

Note

Prerequisite: dot2tex optional Sage package and graphviz must be installed.

Warning

This method might be deleted in the future in favor of a method in the graph class returning a tikz picture.

INPUT:

  • graph – graph

  • merge_multiedges – boolean (default: True); if the graph has multiple edges, whether to merge the multiedges into one single edge

  • merge_label_function – function (default: tuple); a function to apply to each list of labels to be merged. It is ignored if merge_multiedges is not True or if the graph has no multiple edges.

Other inputs are used for latex drawing with dot2tex and graphviz:

  • prog – string (default: 'dot'); the program used for the layout corresponding to one of the software of the graphviz suite: 'dot', 'neato', 'twopi', 'circo' or 'fdp'

  • edge_labels – boolean (default: True)

  • color_by_label – boolean (default: False)

  • rankdir – string (default: 'down')

  • subgraph_clusters – (default: []) a list of lists of vertices, if supported by the layout engine, nodes belonging to the same cluster subgraph are drawn together, with the entire drawing of the cluster contained within a bounding rectangle.

EXAMPLES:

sage: # needs sage.graphs
sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(g)                              # optional - dot2tex graphviz
doctest:...: FutureWarning: This class/method/function is marked as experimental.
It, its functionality or its interface might change without a formal deprecation.
See https://github.com/sagemath/sage/issues/20343 for details.
sage: _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.graphs
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(g)                              # optional - dot2tex graphviz
doctest:...: FutureWarning: This class/method/function is marked as experimental.
It, its functionality or its interface might change without a formal deprecation.
See https://github.com/sagemath/sage/issues/20343 for details.
>>> _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

Using prog:

sage: # needs sage.graphs
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(g, prog='neato',        # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
....:                               color_by_label=True)
sage: _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.graphs
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(g, prog='neato',        # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
...                               color_by_label=True)
>>> _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

Using rankdir:

sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(g, rankdir='right')     # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex graphviz, needs sage.graphs
sage: _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(g, rankdir='right')     # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex graphviz, needs sage.graphs
>>> _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

Using merge_multiedges:

sage: # needs sage.graphs sage.modules sage.symbolic
sage: alpha = var('alpha')
sage: m = matrix(2, range(4)); m.set_immutable()
sage: G = DiGraph([(0,1,alpha), (0,1,0), (0,2,9), (0,2,m)],
....:             multiedges=True)
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(G, merge_multiedges=True)       # optional - dot2tex graphviz
sage: _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.graphs sage.modules sage.symbolic
>>> alpha = var('alpha')
>>> m = matrix(Integer(2), range(Integer(4))); m.set_immutable()
>>> G = DiGraph([(Integer(0),Integer(1),alpha), (Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(0)), (Integer(0),Integer(2),Integer(9)), (Integer(0),Integer(2),m)],
...             multiedges=True)
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(G, merge_multiedges=True)       # optional - dot2tex graphviz
>>> _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

Using merge_multiedges with merge_label_function:

sage: # needs sage.graphs
sage: fn = lambda L: LatexExpr(','.join(map(str, L)))
sage: edges = [(0,1,'a'), (0,1,'b'), (0,2,'c'), (0,2,'d')]
sage: G = DiGraph(edges, multiedges=True)
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(G,                              # optional - dot2tex graphviz
....:           merge_multiedges=True, merge_label_function=fn)
sage: _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.graphs
>>> fn = lambda L: LatexExpr(','.join(map(str, L)))
>>> edges = [(Integer(0),Integer(1),'a'), (Integer(0),Integer(1),'b'), (Integer(0),Integer(2),'c'), (Integer(0),Integer(2),'d')]
>>> G = DiGraph(edges, multiedges=True)
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(G,                              # optional - dot2tex graphviz
...           merge_multiedges=True, merge_label_function=fn)
>>> _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

Using subgraphs clusters (broken when using labels, see Issue #22070):

sage: S = FiniteSetMaps(5)
sage: I = S((0,1,2,3,4))
sage: a = S((0,1,3,0,0))
sage: b = S((0,2,4,1,0))
sage: roots = [I]
sage: succ = lambda v: [v*a,v*b,a*v,b*v]
sage: R = RecursivelyEnumeratedSet(roots, succ)
sage: G = R.to_digraph()                                                    # needs sage.graphs
sage: G                                                                     # needs sage.graphs
Looped multi-digraph on 27 vertices
sage: C = G.strongly_connected_components()                                 # needs sage.graphs
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(G,                              # optional - dot2tex graphviz, needs sage.graphs
....:              merge_multiedges=False, subgraph_clusters=C)
sage: _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> S = FiniteSetMaps(Integer(5))
>>> I = S((Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(2),Integer(3),Integer(4)))
>>> a = S((Integer(0),Integer(1),Integer(3),Integer(0),Integer(0)))
>>> b = S((Integer(0),Integer(2),Integer(4),Integer(1),Integer(0)))
>>> roots = [I]
>>> succ = lambda v: [v*a,v*b,a*v,b*v]
>>> R = RecursivelyEnumeratedSet(roots, succ)
>>> G = R.to_digraph()                                                    # needs sage.graphs
>>> G                                                                     # needs sage.graphs
Looped multi-digraph on 27 vertices
>>> C = G.strongly_connected_components()                                 # needs sage.graphs
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(G,                              # optional - dot2tex graphviz, needs sage.graphs
...              merge_multiedges=False, subgraph_clusters=C)
>>> _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

An example coming from graphviz_string documentation in SageMath:

sage: # needs sage.graphs sage.symbolic
sage: f(x) = -1 / x
sage: g(x) = 1 / (x + 1)
sage: G = DiGraph()
sage: G.add_edges((i, f(i), f) for i in (1, 2, 1/2, 1/4))
sage: G.add_edges((i, g(i), g) for i in (1, 2, 1/2, 1/4))
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(G)      # optional - dot2tex graphviz
sage: _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested
sage: def edge_options(data):
....:     u, v, label = data
....:     options = {"color": {f: "red", g: "blue"}[label]}
....:     if (u,v) == (1/2, -2): options["label"]       = "coucou"; options["label_style"] = "string"
....:     if (u,v) == (1/2,2/3): options["dot"]         = "x=1,y=2"
....:     if (u,v) == (1,   -1): options["label_style"] = "latex"
....:     if (u,v) == (1,  1/2): options["dir"]         = "back"
....:     return options
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(G, edge_options=edge_options)   # optional - dot2tex graphviz
sage: _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.graphs sage.symbolic
>>> __tmp__=var("x"); f = symbolic_expression(-Integer(1) / x).function(x)
>>> __tmp__=var("x"); g = symbolic_expression(Integer(1) / (x + Integer(1))).function(x)
>>> G = DiGraph()
>>> G.add_edges((i, f(i), f) for i in (Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(1)/Integer(2), Integer(1)/Integer(4)))
>>> G.add_edges((i, g(i), g) for i in (Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(1)/Integer(2), Integer(1)/Integer(4)))
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(G)      # optional - dot2tex graphviz
>>> _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested
>>> def edge_options(data):
...     u, v, label = data
...     options = {"color": {f: "red", g: "blue"}[label]}
...     if (u,v) == (Integer(1)/Integer(2), -Integer(2)): options["label"]       = "coucou"; options["label_style"] = "string"
...     if (u,v) == (Integer(1)/Integer(2),Integer(2)/Integer(3)): options["dot"]         = "x=1,y=2"
...     if (u,v) == (Integer(1),   -Integer(1)): options["label_style"] = "latex"
...     if (u,v) == (Integer(1),  Integer(1)/Integer(2)): options["dir"]         = "back"
...     return options
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph(G, edge_options=edge_options)   # optional - dot2tex graphviz
>>> _ = tikz.pdf()      # not tested
classmethod from_graph_with_pos(graph, scale=1, merge_multiedges=True, merge_label_function=<class 'tuple'>)[source]

Convert a graph with positions defined for vertices to a tikzpicture.

Warning

This method might be deleted in the future in favor of a method in the graph class returning a tikz picture.

INPUT:

  • graph – graph (with predefined positions)

  • scale – number (default: 1); tikzpicture scale

  • merge_multiedges – boolean (default: True); if the graph has multiple edges, whether to merge the multiedges into one single edge

  • merge_label_function – function (default: tuple); a function to apply to each list of labels to be merged. It is ignored if merge_multiedges is not True or if the graph has no multiple edges.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture

sage: # needs sage.graphs
sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph_with_pos(g)
doctest:...: FutureWarning: This class/method/function is marked as experimental.
It, its functionality or its interface might change without a formal deprecation.
See https://github.com/sagemath/sage/issues/20343 for details.

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture

>>> # needs sage.graphs
>>> g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_graph_with_pos(g)
doctest:...: FutureWarning: This class/method/function is marked as experimental.
It, its functionality or its interface might change without a formal deprecation.
See https://github.com/sagemath/sage/issues/20343 for details.


sage: # needs sage.graphs
sage: edges = [(0,0,'a'),(0,1,'b'),(0,1,'c')]
sage: kwds = dict(format='list_of_edges', loops=True, multiedges=True)
sage: G = DiGraph(edges, **kwds)
sage: G.set_pos({0:(0,0), 1:(1,0)})
sage: f = lambda label:','.join(label)
sage: TikzPicture.from_graph_with_pos(G, merge_label_function=f)
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\standaloneconfig{border=4mm}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
[auto,scale=1]
% vertices
\node (node_0) at (0, 0) {0};
\node (node_1) at (1, 0) {1};
% edges
\draw[->] (node_0) -- node {b,c} (node_1);
% loops
\draw (node_0) edge [loop above] node {a} ();
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.graphs
>>> edges = [(Integer(0),Integer(0),'a'),(Integer(0),Integer(1),'b'),(Integer(0),Integer(1),'c')]
>>> kwds = dict(format='list_of_edges', loops=True, multiedges=True)
>>> G = DiGraph(edges, **kwds)
>>> G.set_pos({Integer(0):(Integer(0),Integer(0)), Integer(1):(Integer(1),Integer(0))})
>>> f = lambda label:','.join(label)
>>> TikzPicture.from_graph_with_pos(G, merge_label_function=f)
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\standaloneconfig{border=4mm}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
[auto,scale=1]
% vertices
\node (node_0) at (0, 0) {0};
\node (node_1) at (1, 0) {1};
% edges
\draw[->] (node_0) -- node {b,c} (node_1);
% loops
\draw (node_0) edge [loop above] node {a} ();
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
classmethod from_poset(poset, **kwds)[source]

Convert a poset to a tikzpicture using graphviz and dot2tex.

Note

Prerequisite: dot2tex optional Sage package and graphviz must be installed.

Warning

This method might be deleted in the future in favor of a method in the graph class returning a tikz picture.

INPUT:

  • poset – poset

  • prog – string (default: 'dot'); the program used for the layout corresponding to one of the software of the graphviz suite: 'dot', 'neato', 'twopi', 'circo' or 'fdp'

  • edge_labels – boolean (default: True)

  • color_by_label – boolean (default: False)

  • rankdir – string (default: 'down')

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture

sage: # needs sage.graphs sage.modules
sage: P = posets.PentagonPoset()
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_poset(P)                              # optional - dot2tex graphviz
doctest:...: FutureWarning: This class/method/function is marked as experimental.
It, its functionality or its interface might change without a formal deprecation.
See https://github.com/sagemath/sage/issues/20343 for details.

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture

>>> # needs sage.graphs sage.modules
>>> P = posets.PentagonPoset()
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_poset(P)                              # optional - dot2tex graphviz
doctest:...: FutureWarning: This class/method/function is marked as experimental.
It, its functionality or its interface might change without a formal deprecation.
See https://github.com/sagemath/sage/issues/20343 for details.


sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_poset(P, prog='neato',        # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex, needs sage.graphs sage.modules
....:                               color_by_label=True)

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_poset(P, prog='neato',        # long time (3s), optional - dot2tex, needs sage.graphs sage.modules
...                               color_by_label=True)


sage: # needs sage.graphs
sage: P = posets.SymmetricGroupWeakOrderPoset(4)
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_poset(P)                      # long time (4s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
sage: tikz = TikzPicture.from_poset(P, prog='neato')        # long time (4s), optional - dot2tex graphviz

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> # needs sage.graphs
>>> P = posets.SymmetricGroupWeakOrderPoset(Integer(4))
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_poset(P)                      # long time (4s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
>>> tikz = TikzPicture.from_poset(P, prog='neato')        # long time (4s), optional - dot2tex graphviz
tikz_picture_code()[source]

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
sage: s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
sage: t = TikzPicture(s)
sage: print(t.tikz_picture_code())
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}

>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.misc.latex_standalone import TikzPicture
>>> s = "\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}"
>>> t = TikzPicture(s)
>>> print(t.tikz_picture_code())
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}