The Hillman-Grassl correspondence#

This module implements weak reverse plane partitions and four correspondences on them: the Hillman-Grassl correspondence and its inverse, as well as the Sulzgruber correspondence and its inverse (the Pak correspondence).

Fix a partition \(\lambda\) (see Partition()). We draw all partitions and tableaux in English notation.

A \(\lambda\)-array will mean a tableau of shape \(\lambda\) whose entries are nonnegative integers. (No conditions on the order of these entries are made. Note that \(0\) is allowed.)

A weak reverse plane partition of shape \(\lambda\) (short: \(\lambda\)-rpp) will mean a \(\lambda\)-array whose entries weakly increase along each row and weakly increase along each column. (The name “weak reverse plane partition” comes from Stanley in [EnumComb2] Section 7.22; other authors – such as Pak [Sulzgr2017], or Hillman and Grassl in [HilGra1976] – just call it a reverse plane partition.)

The Hillman-Grassl correspondence is a bijection from the set of \(\lambda\)-arrays to the set of \(\lambda\)-rpps. For its definition, see hillman_grassl(); for its inverse, see hillman_grassl_inverse().

The Sulzgruber correspondence \(\Phi_\lambda\) and the Pak correspondence \(\xi_\lambda\) are two further mutually inverse bijections between the set of \(\lambda\)-arrays and the set of \(\lambda\)-rpps. They appear (sometimes with different definitions, but defining the same maps) in [Pak2002], [Hopkins2017] and [Sulzgr2017]. For their definitions, see sulzgruber_correspondence() and pak_correspondence().

EXAMPLES:

We construct a \(\lambda\)-rpp for \(\lambda = (3, 3, 1)\) (note that \(\lambda\) needs not be specified explicitly):

sage: p = WeakReversePlanePartition([[0, 1, 3], [2, 4, 4], [3]])
sage: p.parent()
Weak Reverse Plane Partitions
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> p = WeakReversePlanePartition([[Integer(0), Integer(1), Integer(3)], [Integer(2), Integer(4), Integer(4)], [Integer(3)]])
>>> p.parent()
Weak Reverse Plane Partitions

(This is the example in Section 7.22 of [EnumComb2].)

Next, we apply the inverse of the Hillman-Grassl correspondence to it:

sage: HGp = p.hillman_grassl_inverse(); HGp
[[1, 2, 0], [1, 0, 1], [1]]
sage: HGp.parent()
Tableaux
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> HGp = p.hillman_grassl_inverse(); HGp
[[1, 2, 0], [1, 0, 1], [1]]
>>> HGp.parent()
Tableaux

This is a \(\lambda\)-array, encoded as a tableau. We can recover our original \(\lambda\)-rpp from it using the Hillman-Grassl correspondence:

sage: HGp.hillman_grassl() == p
True
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> HGp.hillman_grassl() == p
True

We can also apply the Pak correspondence to our rpp:

sage: Pp = p.pak_correspondence(); Pp
[[2, 0, 1], [0, 2, 0], [1]]
sage: Pp.parent()
Tableaux
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> Pp = p.pak_correspondence(); Pp
[[2, 0, 1], [0, 2, 0], [1]]
>>> Pp.parent()
Tableaux

This is undone by the Sulzgruber correspondence:

sage: Pp.sulzgruber_correspondence() == p
True
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> Pp.sulzgruber_correspondence() == p
True

These four correspondences can also be accessed as standalone functions (hillman_grassl_inverse(), hillman_grassl(), pak_correspondence() and sulzgruber_correspondence()) that transform lists of lists into lists of lists; this may be more efficient. For example, the above computation of HGp can also be obtained as follows:

sage: from sage.combinat.hillman_grassl import hillman_grassl_inverse
sage: HGp_bare = hillman_grassl_inverse([[0, 1, 3], [2, 4, 4], [3]])
sage: HGp_bare
[[1, 2, 0], [1, 0, 1], [1]]
sage: isinstance(HGp_bare, list)
True
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.combinat.hillman_grassl import hillman_grassl_inverse
>>> HGp_bare = hillman_grassl_inverse([[Integer(0), Integer(1), Integer(3)], [Integer(2), Integer(4), Integer(4)], [Integer(3)]])
>>> HGp_bare
[[1, 2, 0], [1, 0, 1], [1]]
>>> isinstance(HGp_bare, list)
True

REFERENCES:

AUTHORS:

  • Darij Grinberg and Tom Roby (2018): Initial implementation

class sage.combinat.hillman_grassl.WeakReversePlanePartition(parent, t)[source]#

Bases: Tableau

A weak reverse plane partition (short: rpp).

A weak reverse plane partition is a tableau with nonnegative entries that are weakly increasing in each row and weakly increasing in each column.

EXAMPLES:

sage: x = WeakReversePlanePartition([[0, 1, 1], [0, 1, 3], [1, 2, 2], [1, 2, 3], [2]]); x
[[0, 1, 1], [0, 1, 3], [1, 2, 2], [1, 2, 3], [2]]
sage: x.pp()
  0  1  1
  0  1  3
  1  2  2
  1  2  3
  2
sage: x.shape()
[3, 3, 3, 3, 1]
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> x = WeakReversePlanePartition([[Integer(0), Integer(1), Integer(1)], [Integer(0), Integer(1), Integer(3)], [Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(2)], [Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(3)], [Integer(2)]]); x
[[0, 1, 1], [0, 1, 3], [1, 2, 2], [1, 2, 3], [2]]
>>> x.pp()
  0  1  1
  0  1  3
  1  2  2
  1  2  3
  2
>>> x.shape()
[3, 3, 3, 3, 1]
conjugate()[source]#

Return the conjugate of self.

EXAMPLES:

sage: c = WeakReversePlanePartition([[1,1],[1,3],[2]]).conjugate(); c
[[1, 1, 2], [1, 3]]
sage: c.parent()
Weak Reverse Plane Partitions
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> c = WeakReversePlanePartition([[Integer(1),Integer(1)],[Integer(1),Integer(3)],[Integer(2)]]).conjugate(); c
[[1, 1, 2], [1, 3]]
>>> c.parent()
Weak Reverse Plane Partitions
hillman_grassl_inverse()[source]#

Return the image of the \(\lambda\)-rpp self under the inverse of the Hillman-Grassl correspondence (as a Tableau).

Fix a partition \(\lambda\) (see Partition()). We draw all partitions and tableaux in English notation.

A \(\lambda\)-array will mean a tableau of shape \(\lambda\) whose entries are nonnegative integers. (No conditions on the order of these entries are made. Note that \(0\) is allowed.)

A weak reverse plane partition of shape \(\lambda\) (short: \(\lambda\)-rpp) will mean a \(\lambda\)-array whose entries weakly increase along each row and weakly increase along each column.

The inverse \(H^{-1}\) of the Hillman-Grassl correspondence (see (hillman_grassl() for the latter) sends a \(\lambda\)-rpp \(\pi\) to a \(\lambda\)-array \(H^{-1}(\pi)\) constructed recursively as follows:

  • If all entries of \(\pi\) are \(0\), then \(H^{-1}(\pi) = \pi\).

  • Otherwise, let \(s\) be the index of the leftmost column of \(\pi\) containing a nonzero entry. Write the \(\lambda\)-array \(M\) as \((m_{i, j})\).

  • Define a sequence \(((i_1, j_1), (i_2, j_2), \ldots, (i_n, j_n))\) of boxes in the diagram of \(\lambda\) (actually a lattice path made of northward and eastward steps) as follows: Let \((i_1, j_1)\) be the bottommost box in the \(s\)-th column of \(\pi\). If \((i_k, j_k)\) is defined for some \(k \geq 1\), then \((i_{k+1}, j_{k+1})\) is constructed as follows: If \(q_{i_k - 1, j_k}\) is well-defined and equals \(q_{i_k, j_k}\), then we set \((i_{k+1}, j_{k+1}) = (i_k - 1, j_k)\). Otherwise, we set \((i_{k+1}, j_{k+1}) = (i_k, j_k + 1)\) if this is still a box of \(\lambda\). Otherwise, the sequence ends here.

  • Let \(\pi'\) be the \(\lambda\)-rpp obtained from \(\pi\) by subtracting \(1\) from the \((i_k, j_k)\)-th entry of \(\pi\) for each \(k \in \{1, 2, \ldots, n\}\).

  • Let \(N'\) be the image \(H^{-1}(\pi')\) (which is already constructed by recursion). Then, \(H^{-1}(\pi)\) is obtained from \(N'\) by adding \(1\) to the \((i_n, s)\)-th entry of \(N'\).

This construction appears in [HilGra1976] Section 6 (where \(\lambda\)-arrays are re-encoded as sequences of “hook number multiplicities”) and [EnumComb2] Section 7.22.

See also

hillman_grassl_inverse() for the inverse of the Hillman-Grassl correspondence as a standalone function.

hillman_grassl() for the inverse map.

EXAMPLES:

sage: a = WeakReversePlanePartition([[2, 2, 4], [2, 3, 4], [3, 5]])
sage: a.hillman_grassl_inverse()
[[2, 1, 1], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1]]
sage: b = WeakReversePlanePartition([[1, 1, 2, 2], [1, 1, 2, 2], [2, 2, 3, 3], [2, 2, 3, 3]])
sage: B = b.hillman_grassl_inverse(); B
[[1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1]]
sage: b.parent(), B.parent()
(Weak Reverse Plane Partitions, Tableaux)
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> a = WeakReversePlanePartition([[Integer(2), Integer(2), Integer(4)], [Integer(2), Integer(3), Integer(4)], [Integer(3), Integer(5)]])
>>> a.hillman_grassl_inverse()
[[2, 1, 1], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1]]
>>> b = WeakReversePlanePartition([[Integer(1), Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(2)], [Integer(1), Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(2)], [Integer(2), Integer(2), Integer(3), Integer(3)], [Integer(2), Integer(2), Integer(3), Integer(3)]])
>>> B = b.hillman_grassl_inverse(); B
[[1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1]]
>>> b.parent(), B.parent()
(Weak Reverse Plane Partitions, Tableaux)

Applying the inverse of the Hillman-Grassl correspondence to the transpose of a \(\lambda\)-rpp \(M\) yields the same result as applying it to \(M\) and then transposing the result ([Gans1981] Corollary 3.4):

sage: a = WeakReversePlanePartition([[1,3,5],[2,4]])
sage: aic = a.hillman_grassl_inverse().conjugate()
sage: aic == a.conjugate().hillman_grassl_inverse()
True
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> a = WeakReversePlanePartition([[Integer(1),Integer(3),Integer(5)],[Integer(2),Integer(4)]])
>>> aic = a.hillman_grassl_inverse().conjugate()
>>> aic == a.conjugate().hillman_grassl_inverse()
True
pak_correspondence()[source]#

Return the image of the \(\lambda\)-rpp self under the Pak correspondence (as a Tableau).

See hillman_grassl.

The Pak correspondence is the map \(\xi_\lambda\) from [Sulzgr2017] Section 7, and is the map \(\xi_\lambda\) from [Pak2002] Section 4. It is the inverse of the Sulzgruber correspondence (sulzgruber_correspondence()). The following description of the Pak correspondence follows [Hopkins2017] (which denotes it by \(\mathcal{RSK}^{-1}\)):

Fix a partition \(\lambda\) (see Partition()). We draw all partitions and tableaux in English notation.

A \(\lambda\)-array will mean a tableau of shape \(\lambda\) whose entries are nonnegative integers. (No conditions on the order of these entries are made. Note that \(0\) is allowed.)

A weak reverse plane partition of shape \(\lambda\) (short: \(\lambda\)-rpp) will mean a \(\lambda\)-array whose entries weakly increase along each row and weakly increase along each column.

We shall also use the following notation: If \((u, v)\) is a cell of \(\lambda\), and if \(\pi\) is a \(\lambda\)-rpp, then:

  • the lower bound of \(\pi\) at \((u, v)\) (denoted by \(\pi_{<(u, v)}\)) is defined to be \(\max \{ \pi_{u-1, v} , \pi_{u, v-1} \}\) (where \(\pi_{0, v}\) and \(\pi_{u, 0}\) are understood to mean \(0\)).

  • the upper bound of \(\pi\) at \((u, v)\) (denoted by \(\pi_{>(u, v)}\)) is defined to be \(\min \{ \pi_{u+1, v} , \pi_{u, v+1} \}\) (where \(\pi_{i, j}\) is understood to mean \(+ \infty\) if \((i, j)\) is not in \(\lambda\); thus, the upper bound at a corner cell is \(+ \infty\)).

  • toggling \(\pi\) at \((u, v)\) means replacing the entry \(\pi_{u, v}\) of \(\pi\) at \((u, v)\) by \(\pi_{<(u, v)} + \pi_{>(u, v)} - \pi_{u, v}\) (this is well-defined as long as \((u, v)\) is not a corner of \(\lambda\)).

Note that every \(\lambda\)-rpp \(\pi\) and every cell \((u, v)\) of \(\lambda\) satisfy \(\pi_{<(u, v)} \leq \pi_{u, v} \leq \pi_{>(u, v)}\). Note that toggling a \(\lambda\)-rpp (at a cell that is not a corner) always results in a \(\lambda\)-rpp. Also, toggling is an involution).

Note also that the lower bound of \(\pi\) at \((u, v)\) is defined (and finite) even when \((u, v)\) is not a cell of \(\lambda\), as long as both \((u-1, v)\) and \((u, v-1)\) are cells of \(\lambda\).

The Pak correspondence \(\Phi_\lambda\) sends a \(\lambda\)-array \(M = (m_{i, j})\) to a \(\lambda\)-rpp \(\Phi_\lambda(M)\). It is defined by recursion on \(\lambda\) (that is, we assume that \(\Phi_\mu\) is already defined for every partition \(\mu\) smaller than \(\lambda\)), and its definition proceeds as follows:

  • If \(\lambda = \varnothing\), then \(\Phi_\lambda\) is the obvious bijection sending the only \(\varnothing\)-array to the only \(\varnothing\)-rpp.

  • Pick any corner \(c = (i, j)\) of \(\lambda\), and let \(\mu\) be the result of removing this corner \(c\) from the partition \(\lambda\). (The exact choice of \(c\) is immaterial.)

  • Let \(M'\) be what remains of \(M\) when the corner cell \(c\) is removed.

  • Let \(\pi' = \Phi_\mu(M')\).

  • For each positive integer \(k\) such that \((i-k, j-k)\) is a cell of \(\lambda\), toggle \(\pi'\) at \((i-k, j-k)\). (All these togglings commute, so the order in which they are made is immaterial.)

  • Extend the \(\mu\)-rpp \(\pi'\) to a \(\lambda\)-rpp \(\pi\) by adding the cell \(c\) and writing the number \(m_{i, j} - \pi'_{<(i, j)}\) into this cell.

  • Set \(\Phi_\lambda(M) = \pi\).

See also

pak_correspondence() for the Pak correspondence as a standalone function.

sulzgruber_correspondence() for the inverse map.

EXAMPLES:

sage: a = WeakReversePlanePartition([[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [2, 4, 4]])
sage: A = a.pak_correspondence(); A
[[1, 0, 2], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1, 0]]
sage: a.parent(), A.parent()
(Weak Reverse Plane Partitions, Tableaux)
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> a = WeakReversePlanePartition([[Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(3)], [Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(3)], [Integer(2), Integer(4), Integer(4)]])
>>> A = a.pak_correspondence(); A
[[1, 0, 2], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1, 0]]
>>> a.parent(), A.parent()
(Weak Reverse Plane Partitions, Tableaux)

Applying the Pak correspondence to the transpose of a \(\lambda\)-rpp \(M\) yields the same result as applying it to \(M\) and then transposing the result:

sage: a = WeakReversePlanePartition([[1,3,5],[2,4]])
sage: acc = a.pak_correspondence().conjugate()
sage: acc == a.conjugate().pak_correspondence()
True
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> a = WeakReversePlanePartition([[Integer(1),Integer(3),Integer(5)],[Integer(2),Integer(4)]])
>>> acc = a.pak_correspondence().conjugate()
>>> acc == a.conjugate().pak_correspondence()
True
class sage.combinat.hillman_grassl.WeakReversePlanePartitions[source]#

Bases: Tableaux

The set of all weak reverse plane partitions.

Element[source]#

alias of WeakReversePlanePartition

an_element()[source]#

Returns a particular element of the class.

sage.combinat.hillman_grassl.hillman_grassl(M)[source]#

Return the image of the \(\lambda\)-array M under the Hillman-Grassl correspondence.

The Hillman-Grassl correspondence is a bijection between the tableaux with nonnegative entries (otherwise arbitrary) and the weak reverse plane partitions with nonnegative entries. This bijection preserves the shape of the tableau. See hillman_grassl.

See hillman_grassl() for a description of this map.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.combinat.hillman_grassl import hillman_grassl
sage: hillman_grassl([[2, 1, 1], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1]])
[[2, 2, 4], [2, 3, 4], [3, 5]]
sage: hillman_grassl([[1, 2, 0], [1, 0, 1], [1]])
[[0, 1, 3], [2, 4, 4], [3]]
sage: hillman_grassl([])
[]
sage: hillman_grassl([[3, 1, 2]])
[[3, 4, 6]]
sage: hillman_grassl([[2, 2, 0], [1, 1, 1], [1]])
[[1, 2, 4], [3, 5, 5], [4]]
sage: hillman_grassl([[1, 1, 1, 1]]*3)
[[1, 2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5, 6]]
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.combinat.hillman_grassl import hillman_grassl
>>> hillman_grassl([[Integer(2), Integer(1), Integer(1)], [Integer(0), Integer(2), Integer(0)], [Integer(1), Integer(1)]])
[[2, 2, 4], [2, 3, 4], [3, 5]]
>>> hillman_grassl([[Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(0)], [Integer(1), Integer(0), Integer(1)], [Integer(1)]])
[[0, 1, 3], [2, 4, 4], [3]]
>>> hillman_grassl([])
[]
>>> hillman_grassl([[Integer(3), Integer(1), Integer(2)]])
[[3, 4, 6]]
>>> hillman_grassl([[Integer(2), Integer(2), Integer(0)], [Integer(1), Integer(1), Integer(1)], [Integer(1)]])
[[1, 2, 4], [3, 5, 5], [4]]
>>> hillman_grassl([[Integer(1), Integer(1), Integer(1), Integer(1)]]*Integer(3))
[[1, 2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5, 6]]
sage.combinat.hillman_grassl.hillman_grassl_inverse(M)[source]#

Return the image of the \(\lambda\)-rpp M under the inverse of the Hillman-Grassl correspondence.

See hillman_grassl.

See hillman_grassl_inverse() for a description of this map.

See also

hillman_grassl()

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.combinat.hillman_grassl import hillman_grassl_inverse
sage: hillman_grassl_inverse([[2, 2, 4], [2, 3, 4], [3, 5]])
[[2, 1, 1], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1]]
sage: hillman_grassl_inverse([[0, 1, 3], [2, 4, 4], [3]])
[[1, 2, 0], [1, 0, 1], [1]]
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.combinat.hillman_grassl import hillman_grassl_inverse
>>> hillman_grassl_inverse([[Integer(2), Integer(2), Integer(4)], [Integer(2), Integer(3), Integer(4)], [Integer(3), Integer(5)]])
[[2, 1, 1], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1]]
>>> hillman_grassl_inverse([[Integer(0), Integer(1), Integer(3)], [Integer(2), Integer(4), Integer(4)], [Integer(3)]])
[[1, 2, 0], [1, 0, 1], [1]]

Applying the inverse of the Hillman-Grassl correspondence to the transpose of a \(\lambda\)-rpp \(M\) yields the same result as applying it to \(M\) and then transposing the result ([Gans1981] Corollary 3.4):

sage: hillman_grassl_inverse([[1,3,5],[2,4]])
[[1, 2, 2], [1, 1]]
sage: hillman_grassl_inverse([[1,2],[3,4],[5]])
[[1, 1], [2, 1], [2]]
sage: hillman_grassl_inverse([[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [2, 4, 4]])
[[1, 2, 0], [0, 1, 1], [1, 0, 1]]
sage: hillman_grassl_inverse([[1, 2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5, 6]])
[[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]]
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> hillman_grassl_inverse([[Integer(1),Integer(3),Integer(5)],[Integer(2),Integer(4)]])
[[1, 2, 2], [1, 1]]
>>> hillman_grassl_inverse([[Integer(1),Integer(2)],[Integer(3),Integer(4)],[Integer(5)]])
[[1, 1], [2, 1], [2]]
>>> hillman_grassl_inverse([[Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(3)], [Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(3)], [Integer(2), Integer(4), Integer(4)]])
[[1, 2, 0], [0, 1, 1], [1, 0, 1]]
>>> hillman_grassl_inverse([[Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(3), Integer(4)], [Integer(2), Integer(3), Integer(4), Integer(5)], [Integer(3), Integer(4), Integer(5), Integer(6)]])
[[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]]
sage.combinat.hillman_grassl.pak_correspondence(M, copy=True)[source]#

Return the image of a \(\lambda\)-rpp M under the Pak correspondence.

The Pak correspondence is the map \(\xi_\lambda\) from [Sulzgr2017] Section 7, and is the map \(\xi_\lambda\) from [Pak2002] Section 4. It is the inverse of the Sulzgruber correspondence (sulzgruber_correspondence()).

See pak_correspondence() for a description of this map.

INPUT:

  • copy (default: True) – boolean; if set to False, the algorithm will mutate the input (but be more efficient)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.combinat.hillman_grassl import pak_correspondence
sage: pak_correspondence([[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [2, 4, 4]])
[[1, 0, 2], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1, 0]]
sage: pak_correspondence([[1, 1, 4], [2, 3, 4], [4, 4, 4]])
[[1, 1, 2], [0, 1, 0], [3, 0, 0]]
sage: pak_correspondence([[0, 2, 3], [1, 3, 3], [2, 4]])
[[1, 0, 2], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1]]
sage: pak_correspondence([[1, 2, 4], [1, 3], [3]])
[[0, 2, 2], [1, 1], [2]]
sage: pak_correspondence([[1, 2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5, 6]])
[[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]]
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.combinat.hillman_grassl import pak_correspondence
>>> pak_correspondence([[Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(3)], [Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(3)], [Integer(2), Integer(4), Integer(4)]])
[[1, 0, 2], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1, 0]]
>>> pak_correspondence([[Integer(1), Integer(1), Integer(4)], [Integer(2), Integer(3), Integer(4)], [Integer(4), Integer(4), Integer(4)]])
[[1, 1, 2], [0, 1, 0], [3, 0, 0]]
>>> pak_correspondence([[Integer(0), Integer(2), Integer(3)], [Integer(1), Integer(3), Integer(3)], [Integer(2), Integer(4)]])
[[1, 0, 2], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1]]
>>> pak_correspondence([[Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(4)], [Integer(1), Integer(3)], [Integer(3)]])
[[0, 2, 2], [1, 1], [2]]
>>> pak_correspondence([[Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(3), Integer(4)], [Integer(2), Integer(3), Integer(4), Integer(5)], [Integer(3), Integer(4), Integer(5), Integer(6)]])
[[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]]

The Pak correspondence can actually be extended (by the same definition) to “rpps” of nonnegative reals rather than nonnegative integers. This implementation supports this:

sage: pak_correspondence([[0, 1, 3/2], [1/2, 3/2, 3/2], [1, 2]])
[[1/2, 0, 1], [0, 1, 0], [1/2, 1/2]]
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> pak_correspondence([[Integer(0), Integer(1), Integer(3)/Integer(2)], [Integer(1)/Integer(2), Integer(3)/Integer(2), Integer(3)/Integer(2)], [Integer(1), Integer(2)]])
[[1/2, 0, 1], [0, 1, 0], [1/2, 1/2]]
sage.combinat.hillman_grassl.sulzgruber_correspondence(M)[source]#

Return the image of a \(\lambda\)-array M under the Sulzgruber correspondence.

The Sulzgruber correspondence is the map \(\Phi_\lambda\) from [Sulzgr2017] Section 7, and is the map \(\xi_\lambda^{-1}\) from [Pak2002] Section 5. It is denoted by \(\mathcal{RSK}\) in [Hopkins2017]. It is the inverse of the Pak correspondence (pak_correspondence()).

See sulzgruber_correspondence() for a description of this map.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.combinat.hillman_grassl import sulzgruber_correspondence
sage: sulzgruber_correspondence([[1, 0, 2], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1, 0]])
[[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [2, 4, 4]]
sage: sulzgruber_correspondence([[1, 1, 2], [0, 1, 0], [3, 0, 0]])
[[1, 1, 4], [2, 3, 4], [4, 4, 4]]
sage: sulzgruber_correspondence([[1, 0, 2], [0, 2, 0], [1, 1]])
[[0, 2, 3], [1, 3, 3], [2, 4]]
sage: sulzgruber_correspondence([[0, 2, 2], [1, 1], [2]])
[[1, 2, 4], [1, 3], [3]]
sage: sulzgruber_correspondence([[1, 1, 1, 1]]*3)
[[1, 2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5, 6]]
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.combinat.hillman_grassl import sulzgruber_correspondence
>>> sulzgruber_correspondence([[Integer(1), Integer(0), Integer(2)], [Integer(0), Integer(2), Integer(0)], [Integer(1), Integer(1), Integer(0)]])
[[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [2, 4, 4]]
>>> sulzgruber_correspondence([[Integer(1), Integer(1), Integer(2)], [Integer(0), Integer(1), Integer(0)], [Integer(3), Integer(0), Integer(0)]])
[[1, 1, 4], [2, 3, 4], [4, 4, 4]]
>>> sulzgruber_correspondence([[Integer(1), Integer(0), Integer(2)], [Integer(0), Integer(2), Integer(0)], [Integer(1), Integer(1)]])
[[0, 2, 3], [1, 3, 3], [2, 4]]
>>> sulzgruber_correspondence([[Integer(0), Integer(2), Integer(2)], [Integer(1), Integer(1)], [Integer(2)]])
[[1, 2, 4], [1, 3], [3]]
>>> sulzgruber_correspondence([[Integer(1), Integer(1), Integer(1), Integer(1)]]*Integer(3))
[[1, 2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5, 6]]

The Sulzgruber correspondence can actually be extended (by the same definition) to arrays of nonnegative reals rather than nonnegative integers. This implementation supports this:

sage: sulzgruber_correspondence([[1/2, 0, 1], [0, 1, 0], [1/2, 1/2]])
[[0, 1, 3/2], [1/2, 3/2, 3/2], [1, 2]]
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> sulzgruber_correspondence([[Integer(1)/Integer(2), Integer(0), Integer(1)], [Integer(0), Integer(1), Integer(0)], [Integer(1)/Integer(2), Integer(1)/Integer(2)]])
[[0, 1, 3/2], [1/2, 3/2, 3/2], [1, 2]]
sage.combinat.hillman_grassl.transpose(M)[source]#

Return the transpose of a \(\lambda\)-array.

The transpose of a \(\lambda\)-array \((m_{i, j})\) is the \(\lambda^t\)-array \((m_{j, i})\) (where \(\lambda^t\) is the conjugate of the partition \(\lambda\)).

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.combinat.hillman_grassl import transpose
sage: transpose([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5]])
[[1, 4], [2, 5], [3]]
sage: transpose([[5, 0, 3], [4, 1, 0], [7]])
[[5, 4, 7], [0, 1], [3, 0]]
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.combinat.hillman_grassl import transpose
>>> transpose([[Integer(1), Integer(2), Integer(3)], [Integer(4), Integer(5)]])
[[1, 4], [2, 5], [3]]
>>> transpose([[Integer(5), Integer(0), Integer(3)], [Integer(4), Integer(1), Integer(0)], [Integer(7)]])
[[5, 4, 7], [0, 1], [3, 0]]