Jack Symmetric Functions#

Jack’s symmetric functions appear in [Ma1995] Chapter VI, section 10. Zonal polynomials are the subject of [Ma1995] Chapter VII. The parameter \(\alpha\) in that reference is the parameter \(t\) in this implementation in sage.

REFERENCES:

[Jack1970]

H. Jack, A class of symmetric functions with a parameter, Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh (A), 69, 1-18.

[Ma1995] (1,2)

I. G. Macdonald, Symmetric functions and Hall polynomials, second ed., The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995, With contributions by A. Zelevinsky, Oxford Science Publications.

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.Jack(Sym, t='t')#

Bases: UniqueRepresentation

The family of Jack symmetric functions including the \(P\), \(Q\), \(J\), \(Qp\) bases. The default parameter is t.

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases
Sym – a ring of symmetric functions
t – an optional parameter (default : ‘t’)

EXAMPLES:

sage: SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack()
Jack polynomials over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field
sage: SymmetricFunctions(QQ).jack(1)
Jack polynomials with t=1 over Rational Field

J()#

Returns the algebra of Jack polynomials in the \(J\) basis.

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases

OUTPUT: the \(J\) basis of the Jack symmetric functions

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JJ = Sym.jack().J(); JJ
Symmetric Functions over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field in the Jack J basis
sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: Sym.jack(t=-1).J()
Symmetric Functions over Rational Field in the Jack J with t=-1 basis

At \(t = 1\), the Jack polynomials in the \(J\) basis are scalar multiples of the Schur functions with the scalar given by a Partition’s hook_product() method at 1:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: JJ = Sym.jack(t=1).J()
sage: s = Sym.schur()
sage: p = Partition([3,2,1,1])
sage: s(JJ(p)) == p.hook_product(1)*s(p)  # long time (4s on sage.math, 2012)
True

At \(t = 2\), the Jack polynomials in the \(J\) basis are scalar multiples of the zonal polynomials with the scalar given by a Partition’s hook_product() method at 2.

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: JJ = Sym.jack(t=2).J()
sage: Z = Sym.zonal()
sage: p = Partition([2,2,1])
sage: Z(JJ(p)) == p.hook_product(2)*Z(p)
True

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JJ = Sym.jack().J()
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P()
sage: JJ(sum(JP(p) for p in Partitions(3)))
1/6*JackJ[1, 1, 1] + (1/(t+2))*JackJ[2, 1] + (1/2/(t^2+3/2*t+1/2))*JackJ[3]

sage: s = Sym.schur()
sage: JJ(s([3])) # indirect doctest
((1/6*t^2-1/2*t+1/3)/(t^2+3*t+2))*JackJ[1, 1, 1] + ((t-1)/(t^2+5/2*t+1))*JackJ[2, 1] + (1/2/(t^2+3/2*t+1/2))*JackJ[3]
sage: JJ(s([2,1]))
((1/3*t-1/3)/(t+2))*JackJ[1, 1, 1] + (1/(t+2))*JackJ[2, 1]
sage: JJ(s([1,1,1]))
1/6*JackJ[1, 1, 1]

P()#

Returns the algebra of Jack polynomials in the \(P\) basis.

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases

OUTPUT:

the \(P\) basis of the Jack symmetric functions

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P(); JP
Symmetric Functions over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field in the Jack P basis
sage: Sym.jack(t=-1).P()
Symmetric Functions over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field in the Jack P with t=-1 basis

At \(t = 1\), the Jack polynomials in the \(P\) basis are the Schur symmetric functions.

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: JP = Sym.jack(t=1).P()
sage: s = Sym.schur()
sage: s(JP([2,2,1]))
s[2, 2, 1]
sage: JP(s([2,2,1]))
JackP[2, 2, 1]
sage: JP([2,1])^2
JackP[2, 2, 1, 1] + JackP[2, 2, 2] + JackP[3, 1, 1, 1] + 2*JackP[3, 2, 1] + JackP[3, 3] + JackP[4, 1, 1] + JackP[4, 2]

At \(t = 2\), the Jack polynomials in the \(P\) basis are the zonal polynomials.

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: JP = Sym.jack(t=2).P()
sage: Z = Sym.zonal()
sage: Z(JP([2,2,1]))
Z[2, 2, 1]
sage: JP(Z[2, 2, 1])
JackP[2, 2, 1]
sage: JP([2])^2
64/45*JackP[2, 2] + 16/21*JackP[3, 1] + JackP[4]
sage: Z([2])^2
64/45*Z[2, 2] + 16/21*Z[3, 1] + Z[4]

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ['a','b'].fraction_field())
sage: (a,b) = Sym.base_ring().gens()
sage: Jacka = Sym.jack(t=a)
sage: Jackb = Sym.jack(t=b)
sage: m = Sym.monomial()
sage: JPa = Jacka.P()
sage: JPb = Jackb.P()
sage: m(JPa[2,1])
(6/(a+2))*m[1, 1, 1] + m[2, 1]
sage: m(JPb[2,1])
(6/(b+2))*m[1, 1, 1] + m[2, 1]
sage: m(a*JPb([2,1]) + b*JPa([2,1]))
((6*a^2+6*b^2+12*a+12*b)/(a*b+2*a+2*b+4))*m[1, 1, 1] + (a+b)*m[2, 1]
sage: JPa(JPb([2,1]))
((6*a-6*b)/(a*b+2*a+2*b+4))*JackP[1, 1, 1] + JackP[2, 1]

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JQ = Sym.jack().Q()
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P()
sage: JJ = Sym.jack().J()

sage: JP(JQ([2,1]))
((1/2*t+1)/(t^3+1/2*t^2))*JackP[2, 1]
sage: JP(JQ([3]))
((1/3*t^2+1/2*t+1/6)/t^3)*JackP[3]
sage: JP(JQ([1,1,1]))
(6/(t^3+3*t^2+2*t))*JackP[1, 1, 1]

sage: JP(JJ([3]))
(2*t^2+3*t+1)*JackP[3]
sage: JP(JJ([2,1]))
(t+2)*JackP[2, 1]
sage: JP(JJ([1,1,1]))
6*JackP[1, 1, 1]

sage: s = Sym.schur()
sage: JP(s([2,1]))
((2*t-2)/(t+2))*JackP[1, 1, 1] + JackP[2, 1]
sage: s(_)
s[2, 1]

Q()#

Returns the algebra of Jack polynomials in the \(Q\) basis.

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases

OUTPUT:

the \(Q\) basis of the Jack symmetric functions

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JQ = Sym.jack().Q(); JQ
Symmetric Functions over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field in the Jack Q basis
sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: Sym.jack(t=-1).Q()
Symmetric Functions over Rational Field in the Jack Q with t=-1 basis

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JQ = Sym.jack().Q()
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P()
sage: JQ(sum(JP(p) for p in Partitions(3)))
(1/6*t^3+1/2*t^2+1/3*t)*JackQ[1, 1, 1] + ((2*t^3+t^2)/(t+2))*JackQ[2, 1] + (3*t^3/(t^2+3/2*t+1/2))*JackQ[3]

sage: s = Sym.schur()
sage: JQ(s([3])) # indirect doctest
(1/6*t^3-1/2*t^2+1/3*t)*JackQ[1, 1, 1] + ((2*t^3-2*t^2)/(t+2))*JackQ[2, 1] + (3*t^3/(t^2+3/2*t+1/2))*JackQ[3]
sage: JQ(s([2,1]))
(1/3*t^3-1/3*t)*JackQ[1, 1, 1] + ((2*t^3+t^2)/(t+2))*JackQ[2, 1]
sage: JQ(s([1,1,1]))
(1/6*t^3+1/2*t^2+1/3*t)*JackQ[1, 1, 1]

Qp()#

Returns the algebra of Jack polynomials in the \(Qp\), which is dual to the \(P\) basis with respect to the standard scalar product.

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases

OUTPUT:

the \(Q'\) basis of the Jack symmetric functions

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P()
sage: JQp = Sym.jack().Qp(); JQp
Symmetric Functions over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field in the Jack Qp basis
sage: a = JQp([2])
sage: a.scalar(JP([2]))
1
sage: a.scalar(JP([1,1]))
0
sage: JP(JQp([2]))                        # todo: missing auto normalization
((t-1)/(t+1))*JackP[1, 1] + JackP[2]
sage: JP._normalize(JP(JQp([2])))
((t-1)/(t+1))*JackP[1, 1] + JackP[2]

base_ring()#

Returns the base ring of the symmetric functions in which the Jack symmetric functions live

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases

OUTPUT:

the base ring of the symmetric functions ring of self

EXAMPLES:

sage: J2 = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).jack(t=2)
sage: J2.base_ring()
Rational Field

symmetric_function_ring()#

Returns the base ring of the symmetric functions of the Jack symmetric function bases

INPUT:

self – the family of Jack symmetric function bases

OUTPUT:

the symmetric functions ring of self

EXAMPLES:

sage: Jacks = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack()
sage: Jacks.symmetric_function_ring()
Symmetric Functions over Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_generic(jack)#

Bases: SymmetricFunctionAlgebra_generic

A class of methods which are common to all Jack bases of the symmetric functions

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
jack – a family of Jack symmetric function bases

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P(); JP.base_ring()
Fraction Field of Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field
sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: JP = Sym.jack(t=2).P(); JP.base_ring()
Rational Field

class Element#

Bases: SymmetricFunctionAlgebra_generic_Element

scalar_jack(x, t=None)#

A scalar product where the power sums are orthogonal and \(\langle p_\mu, p_\mu \rangle = z_\mu t^{length(\mu)}\)

INPUT:

self – an element of a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
x – an element of the symmetric functions
t – an optional parameter (defaultNone uses the parameter from
the basis)

OUTPUT:

returns the Jack scalar product between x and self

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t']))
sage: JP = Sym.jack().P()
sage: JQ = Sym.jack().Q()
sage: p = Partitions(3).list()
sage: matrix([[JP(a).scalar_jack(JQ(b)) for a in p] for b in p])
[1 0 0]
[0 1 0]
[0 0 1]

c1(part)#

Returns the \(t\)-Jack scalar product between J(part) and P(part).

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
part – a partition
t – an optional parameter (default: uses the parameter \(t\) from the Jack basis)

OUTPUT:

a polynomial in the parameter t which is equal to the scalar product of J(part) and P(part)

EXAMPLES:

sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: JP.c1(Partition([2,1]))
t + 2

c2(part)#

Returns the \(t\)-Jack scalar product between J(part) and Q(part).

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
part – a partition
t – an optional parameter (default: uses the parameter \(t\) from the
Jack basis)

OUTPUT:

a polynomial in the parameter t which is equal to the scalar product of J(part) and Q(part)

EXAMPLES:

sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: JP.c2(Partition([2,1]))
2*t^3 + t^2

coproduct_by_coercion(elt)#

Returns the coproduct of the element elt by coercion to the Schur basis.

INPUT:

self – a Jack symmetric function basis
elt – an instance of this basis

OUTPUT:

The coproduct acting on elt, the result is an element of the tensor squared of the Jack symmetric function basis

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ['t'].fraction_field())
sage: Sym.jack().P()[2,2].coproduct() #indirect doctest
JackP[] # JackP[2, 2] + (2/(t+1))*JackP[1] # JackP[2, 1] + ((8*t+4)/(t^3+4*t^2+5*t+2))*JackP[1, 1] # JackP[1, 1] + JackP[2] # JackP[2] + (2/(t+1))*JackP[2, 1] # JackP[1] + JackP[2, 2] # JackP[]

jack_family()#

Returns the family of Jack bases associated to the basis self

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions

OUTPUT:

the family of Jack symmetric functions associated to self

EXAMPLES:

sage: JackP = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).jack(t=2).P()
sage: JackP.jack_family()
Jack polynomials with t=2 over Rational Field

product(left, right)#

The product of two Jack symmetric functions is done by multiplying the elements in the \(P\) basis and then expressing the elements in the basis self.

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
left, right – symmetric function elements

OUTPUT:

the product of left and right expanded in the basis self

EXAMPLES:

sage: JJ = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().J()
sage: JJ([1])^2              # indirect doctest
(t/(t+1))*JackJ[1, 1] + (1/(t+1))*JackJ[2]
sage: JJ([2])^2
(t^2/(t^2+3/2*t+1/2))*JackJ[2, 2] + (4/3*t/(t^2+4/3*t+1/3))*JackJ[3, 1] + ((1/6*t+1/6)/(t^2+5/6*t+1/6))*JackJ[4]
sage: JQ = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().Q()
sage: JQ([1])^2              # indirect doctest
JackQ[1, 1] + (2/(t+1))*JackQ[2]
sage: JQ([2])^2
JackQ[2, 2] + (2/(t+1))*JackQ[3, 1] + ((t+1)/(t^2+5/6*t+1/6))*JackQ[4]

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_j(jack)#

Bases: JackPolynomials_generic

The \(J\) basis is a defined as a normalized form of the \(P\) basis

INPUT:

self – an instance of the Jack \(P\) basis of the symmetric functions
jack – a family of Jack symmetric function bases

EXAMPLES:

sage: J = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().J()
sage: TestSuite(J).run(skip=['_test_associativity', '_test_distributivity', '_test_prod']) # products are too expensive
sage: TestSuite(J).run(elements = [J.t*J[1,1]+J[2], J[1]+(1+J.t)*J[1,1]])  # long time (3s on sage.math, 2012)

class Element#: Bases: Element

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_p(jack)#

Bases: JackPolynomials_generic

The \(P\) basis is uni-triangularly related to the monomial basis and orthogonal with respect to the Jack scalar product.

INPUT:

self – an instance of the Jack \(P\) basis of the symmetric functions
jack – a family of Jack symmetric function bases

EXAMPLES:

sage: P = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: TestSuite(P).run(skip=['_test_associativity', '_test_distributivity', '_test_prod']) # products are too expensive
sage: TestSuite(P).run(elements = [P.t*P[1,1]+P[2], P[1]+(1+P.t)*P[1,1]])

class Element#

Bases: Element

scalar_jack(x, t=None)#

The scalar product on the symmetric functions where the power sums are orthogonal and \(\langle p_\mu, p_\mu \rangle = z_\mu t^{length(mu)}\) where the t parameter from the Jack symmetric function family.

INPUT:

self – an element of the Jack \(P\) basis
x – an element of the \(P\) basis

EXAMPLES:

sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: l = [JP(p) for p in Partitions(3)]
sage: matrix([[a.scalar_jack(b) for a in l] for b in l])
[3*t^3/(t^2 + 3/2*t + 1/2)                         0                         0]
[                        0     (2*t^3 + t^2)/(t + 2)                         0]
[                        0                         0 1/6*t^3 + 1/2*t^2 + 1/3*t]

product(left, right)#

The product of two Jack symmetric functions is done by multiplying the elements in the monomial basis and then expressing the elements the basis self.

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
left, right – symmetric function elements

OUTPUT:

the product of left and right expanded in the basis self

EXAMPLES:

sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: m = JP.symmetric_function_ring().m()
sage: JP([1])^2 # indirect doctest
(2*t/(t+1))*JackP[1, 1] + JackP[2]
sage: m(_)
2*m[1, 1] + m[2]
sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).jack(t=2).P()
sage: JP([2,1])^2
125/63*JackP[2, 2, 1, 1] + 25/12*JackP[2, 2, 2] + 25/18*JackP[3, 1, 1, 1] + 12/5*JackP[3, 2, 1] + 4/3*JackP[3, 3] + 4/3*JackP[4, 1, 1] + JackP[4, 2]
sage: m(_)
45*m[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1] + 51/2*m[2, 1, 1, 1, 1] + 29/2*m[2, 2, 1, 1] + 33/4*m[2, 2, 2] + 9*m[3, 1, 1, 1] + 5*m[3, 2, 1] + 2*m[3, 3] + 2*m[4, 1, 1] + m[4, 2]

scalar_jack_basis(part1, part2=None)#

Returns the scalar product of \(P(part1)\) and \(P(part2)\).

This is equation (10.16) of [Mc1995] on page 380.

INPUT:

self – an instance of the Jack \(P\) basis of the symmetric functions
part1 – a partition
part2 – an optional partition (default : None)

OUTPUT:

the scalar product between \(P(part1)\) and \(P(part2)\) (or itself if \(part2\) is None)

REFERENCES:

[Mc1995]

I. G. Macdonald, Symmetric functions and Hall polynomials, second ed., The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995, With contributions by A. Zelevinsky, Oxford Science Publications.

EXAMPLES:

sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: JJ = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().J()
sage: JP.scalar_jack_basis(Partition([2,1]), Partition([1,1,1]))
0
sage: JP._normalize_coefficients(JP.scalar_jack_basis(Partition([3,2,1]), Partition([3,2,1])))
(6*t^6 + 10*t^5 + 11/2*t^4 + t^3)/(t^3 + 11/2*t^2 + 10*t + 6)
sage: JJ(JP[3,2,1]).scalar_jack(JP[3,2,1])
(6*t^6 + 10*t^5 + 11/2*t^4 + t^3)/(t^3 + 11/2*t^2 + 10*t + 6)

With a single argument, takes \(part2 = part1\):

sage: JP.scalar_jack_basis(Partition([2,1]), Partition([2,1]))
(2*t^3 + t^2)/(t + 2)
sage: JJ(JP[2,1]).scalar_jack(JP[2,1])
(2*t^3 + t^2)/(t + 2)

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_q(jack)#

Bases: JackPolynomials_generic

The \(Q\) basis is defined as a normalized form of the \(P\) basis

INPUT:

self – an instance of the Jack \(Q\) basis of the symmetric functions
jack – a family of Jack symmetric function bases

EXAMPLES:

sage: Q = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().Q()
sage: TestSuite(Q).run(skip=['_test_associativity', '_test_distributivity', '_test_prod']) # products are too expensive
sage: TestSuite(Q).run(elements = [Q.t*Q[1,1]+Q[2], Q[1]+(1+Q.t)*Q[1,1]])  # long time (3s on sage.math, 2012)

class Element#: Bases: Element

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.JackPolynomials_qp(jack)#

Bases: JackPolynomials_generic

The \(Qp\) basis is the dual basis to the \(P\) basis with respect to the standard scalar product

INPUT:

self – an instance of the Jack \(Qp\) basis of the symmetric functions
jack – a family of Jack symmetric function bases

EXAMPLES:

sage: Qp = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().Qp()
sage: TestSuite(Qp).run(skip=['_test_associativity', '_test_distributivity', '_test_prod']) # products are too expensive
sage: TestSuite(Qp).run(elements = [Qp.t*Qp[1,1]+Qp[2], Qp[1]+(1+Qp.t)*Qp[1,1]])  # long time (3s on sage.math, 2012)

class Element#: Bases: Element

coproduct_by_coercion(elt)#

Returns the coproduct of the element elt by coercion to the Schur basis.

INPUT:

elt – an instance of the Qp basis

OUTPUT:

The coproduct acting on elt, the result is an element of the tensor squared of the Qp symmetric function basis

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ['t'].fraction_field())
sage: JQp = Sym.jack().Qp()
sage: JQp[2,2].coproduct()   #indirect doctest
JackQp[] # JackQp[2, 2] + (2*t/(t+1))*JackQp[1] # JackQp[2, 1] + JackQp[1, 1] # JackQp[1, 1] + ((2*t^3+4*t^2)/(t^3+5/2*t^2+2*t+1/2))*JackQp[2] # JackQp[2] + (2*t/(t+1))*JackQp[2, 1] # JackQp[1] + JackQp[2, 2] # JackQp[]

product(left, right)#

The product of two Jack symmetric functions is done by multiplying the elements in the monomial basis and then expressing the elements the basis self.

INPUT:

self – an instance of the Jack \(Qp\) basis of the symmetric functions
left, right – symmetric function elements

OUTPUT:

the product of left and right expanded in the basis self

EXAMPLES:

sage: JQp = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().Qp()
sage: h = JQp.symmetric_function_ring().h()
sage: JQp([1])^2 # indirect doctest
JackQp[1, 1] + (2/(t+1))*JackQp[2]
sage: h(_)
h[1, 1]
sage: JQp = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).jack(t=2).Qp()
sage: h = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).h()
sage: JQp([2,1])^2
JackQp[2, 2, 1, 1] + 2/3*JackQp[2, 2, 2] + 2/3*JackQp[3, 1, 1, 1] + 48/35*JackQp[3, 2, 1] + 28/75*JackQp[3, 3] + 128/225*JackQp[4, 1, 1] + 28/75*JackQp[4, 2]
sage: h(_)
h[2, 2, 1, 1] - 6/5*h[3, 2, 1] + 9/25*h[3, 3]

class sage.combinat.sf.jack.SymmetricFunctionAlgebra_zonal(Sym)#

Bases: SymmetricFunctionAlgebra_generic

Returns the algebra of zonal polynomials.

INPUT:

self – a zonal basis of the symmetric functions
Sym – a ring of the symmetric functions

EXAMPLES:

sage: Z = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).zonal()
sage: Z([2])^2
64/45*Z[2, 2] + 16/21*Z[3, 1] + Z[4]
sage: Z = SymmetricFunctions(QQ).zonal()
sage: TestSuite(Z).run(skip=['_test_associativity', '_test_distributivity', '_test_prod']) # products are too expensive
sage: TestSuite(Z).run(elements = [Z[1,1]+Z[2], Z[1]+2*Z[1,1]])

class Element#

Bases: SymmetricFunctionAlgebra_generic_Element

scalar_zonal(x)#

The zonal scalar product has the power sum basis and the zonal symmetric functions are orthogonal. In particular, \(\langle p_\mu, p_\mu \rangle = z_\mu 2^{length(\mu)}\).

INPUT:

self – an element of the zonal basis
x – an element of the symmetric function

OUTPUT:

the scalar product between self and x

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: Z = Sym.zonal()
sage: parts = Partitions(3).list()
sage: matrix([[Z(a).scalar_zonal(Z(b)) for a in parts] for b in parts])
[16/5    0    0]
[   0    5    0]
[   0    0    4]
sage: p = Z.symmetric_function_ring().power()
sage: matrix([[Z(p(a)).scalar_zonal(p(b)) for a in parts] for b in parts])
[ 6  0  0]
[ 0  8  0]
[ 0  0 48]

product(left, right)#

The product of two zonal symmetric functions is done by multiplying the elements in the monomial basis and then expressing the elements in the basis self.

INPUT:

self – a zonal basis of the symmetric functions
left, right – symmetric function elements

OUTPUT:

the product of left and right expanded in the basis self

EXAMPLES:

sage: Sym = SymmetricFunctions(QQ)
sage: Z = Sym.zonal()
sage: JP = Sym.jack(t=1).P()
sage: Z([2])*Z([3])                    # indirect doctest
192/175*Z[3, 2] + 32/45*Z[4, 1] + Z[5]
sage: Z([2])*JP([2])
10/27*Z[2, 1, 1] + 64/45*Z[2, 2] + 23/21*Z[3, 1] + Z[4]
sage: JP = Sym.jack(t=2).P()
sage: Z([2])*JP([2])
64/45*Z[2, 2] + 16/21*Z[3, 1] + Z[4]

sage.combinat.sf.jack.c1(part, t)#

Returns the \(t\)-Jack scalar product between J(part) and P(part).

INPUT:

part – a partition
t – an optional parameter (default: uses the parameter \(t\) from the Jack basis)

OUTPUT:

a polynomial in the parameter t which is equal to the scalar product of J(part) and P(part)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.combinat.sf.jack import c1
sage: t = QQ['t'].gen()
sage: [c1(p,t) for p in Partitions(3)]
[2*t^2 + 3*t + 1, t + 2, 6]

sage.combinat.sf.jack.c2(part, t)#

Returns the t-Jack scalar product between J(part) and Q(part).

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
part – a partition
t – an optional parameter (default: uses the parameter \(t\) from the Jack basis)

OUTPUT:

a polynomial in the parameter t which is equal to the scalar product of J(part) and Q(part)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.combinat.sf.jack import c2
sage: t = QQ['t'].gen()
sage: [c2(p,t) for p in Partitions(3)]
[6*t^3, 2*t^3 + t^2, t^3 + 3*t^2 + 2*t]

sage.combinat.sf.jack.normalize_coefficients(self, c)#

If our coefficient ring is the field of fractions over a univariate polynomial ring over the rationals, then we should clear both the numerator and denominator of the denominators of their coefficients.

INPUT:

self – a Jack basis of the symmetric functions
c – a coefficient in the base ring of self

OUTPUT:

divide numerator and denominator by the greatest common divisor

EXAMPLES:

sage: JP = SymmetricFunctions(FractionField(QQ['t'])).jack().P()
sage: t = JP.base_ring().gen()
sage: a = 2/(1/2*t+1/2)
sage: JP._normalize_coefficients(a)
4/(t + 1)
sage: a = 1/(1/3+1/6*t)
sage: JP._normalize_coefficients(a)
6/(t + 2)
sage: a = 24/(4*t^2 + 12*t + 8)
sage: JP._normalize_coefficients(a)
6/(t^2 + 3*t + 2)

sage.combinat.sf.jack.part_scalar_jack(part1, part2, t)#

Returns the Jack scalar product between p(part1) and p(part2) where \(p\) is the power-sum basis.

INPUT:

part1, part2 – two partitions
t – a parameter

OUTPUT:

returns the scalar product between the power sum indexed by part1 and part2

EXAMPLES:

sage: Q.<t> = QQ[]
sage: from sage.combinat.sf.jack import part_scalar_jack
sage: matrix([[part_scalar_jack(p1,p2,t) for p1 in Partitions(4)] for p2 in Partitions(4)])
[   4*t      0      0      0      0]
[     0  3*t^2      0      0      0]
[     0      0  8*t^2      0      0]
[     0      0      0  4*t^3      0]
[     0      0      0      0 24*t^4]